ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who was admitted with renal insufficiency. An expected laboratory finding for this patient may be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: a normal serum creatinine level. In renal insufficiency, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products like creatinine, leading to elevated serum levels. A normal creatinine level indicates the kidneys are functioning properly. A: Increased GFR would not be expected in renal insufficiency as GFR typically decreases. C: In renal insufficiency, the ability to excrete drugs may be impaired due to decreased kidney function. D: Hypokalemia is not a typical laboratory finding in renal insufficiency; instead, hyperkalemia is more common due to reduced excretion of potassium.
Question 2 of 5
The patient's serum creatinine level is 0.7 mg/dL. The expected BUN level should be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (7 to 14 mg/dL) because the normal BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) to creatinine ratio is typically around 10:1. With a serum creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL, the expected BUN level should be around 7 to 14 mg/dL. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the normal BUN to creatinine ratio and would not be expected based on the given serum creatinine level.
Question 3 of 5
What is a minimally acceptable urine output for a patient weighing 75 kg?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 37 mL/hour. For a patient weighing 75 kg, the minimally acceptable urine output is typically around 0.5 mL/kg/hour. Therefore, for a 75 kg patient, the calculation would be 75 kg x 0.5 mL = 37.5 mL/hour, which can be rounded down to 37 mL/hour. This amount ensures adequate renal perfusion and function. Incorrect choices: A: Less than 30 mL/hour - This is too low and may indicate inadequate renal function. C: 80 mL/hour - This is higher than the recommended minimum output and may lead to overdiuresis. D: 150 mL/hour - This amount is excessive and may indicate fluid overload or other issues.
Question 4 of 5
The patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week. The patient complains of general malaise and is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows that the patient's pH is 7.19, with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L. The nurse prepares to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate. In this case, the patient has metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate), likely due to renal failure. Administering sodium bicarbonate can help correct the acidosis and improve the patient's condition. Choices A and B are incorrect because the primary issue is metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis requiring intubation. Canceling dialysis, as in choice D, would not address the underlying metabolic acidosis and could worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, the most appropriate action is to administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate to correct the acid-base imbalance.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with lung cancer has received oxycodone 10 mg orally for pain. When the student nurse assesses the patient, which finding would the nurse instruct the student nurse to report immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression. Step 2: Respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min is dangerously low. Step 3: A low respiratory rate can lead to hypoxia and respiratory failure. Step 4: Immediate reporting is crucial to prevent further complications. Summary: Choice B is correct because a respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min indicates severe respiratory depression, which requires urgent intervention to prevent respiratory failure. Choices A, C, and D are important findings but do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk like respiratory depression.