The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is a vegan. Which of the following foods should the nurse suggest the client consume as substitutes for restricted foods?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tofu, legumes, and broccoli provide essential nutrients like protein, iron, and calcium that are often lacking in a vegan diet. Corn, yams, and green beans offer carbohydrates and vitamins but lack sufficient protein sources. Potatoes, parsnips, and turnips are starchy vegetables with limited nutritional variety. Cheese, yogurt, and fish are non-vegan options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Iron-deficiency anemia. Pica, the craving and consumption of non-food substances, such as ice, clay, or paper, during pregnancy can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. This is because the ingestion of non-nutritive substances can interfere with the body's ability to absorb iron from food, leading to a deficiency in this essential mineral. Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy can have serious consequences, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays in the baby. Option A) Hypothyroidism is not directly associated with pica during pregnancy. Hypothyroidism is a separate condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland. Option C) Hypercalcemia, an excess of calcium in the blood, is not typically linked to pica during pregnancy. It is usually associated with conditions like hyperparathyroidism or certain cancers. Option D) Overexposure to zinc is not a common complication of pica during pregnancy. While excessive zinc intake can cause toxicity symptoms, it is not a primary concern related to pica. Educationally, understanding the complications associated with pica during pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant women. By recognizing the risks, providers can offer appropriate interventions and support to prevent and address potential complications like iron-deficiency anemia. This knowledge can contribute to better maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In fetal circulation, the correct statement is C) Right atrium contains mixed blood. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava, as well as oxygenated blood from the placenta through the umbilical vein. This blood is mixed in the right atrium before being pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Option A is incorrect because the foramen ovale is a shunt between the right and left atria, not the ventricles. Option B is incorrect as the umbilical vein actually carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus. Option D is incorrect because the ductus venosus is a shunt that bypasses the liver and connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, not between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Understanding fetal circulation is crucial in maternal monitoring as it helps healthcare providers assess the well-being of the fetus and detect any abnormalities that may impact fetal development or delivery. Knowing the correct pathways of blood flow in the fetal heart is essential for recognizing and managing potential complications during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a 41-week gestation fetus, lanugo would be absent. Lanugo is the fine, soft hair that covers the fetus's body and typically starts to shed around 36 to 40 weeks of gestation. This shedding process is a sign of fetal maturity. Therefore, in a 41-week fetus, the presence of lanugo would be unusual. Fingernails (Option A) and eyelashes (Option B) develop around the second trimester and would be present in a 41-week fetus. Fingernails help protect the fingertips and aid in grasping, while eyelashes serve a protective function for the eyes. Milia (Option D) are small, white bumps that commonly appear on a newborn's face. They are formed from oil glands and typically resolve on their own within a few weeks. Milia would not be present in a 41-week fetus as they are a characteristic feature of a newborn's skin. Understanding the developmental milestones and characteristics of a fetus at different gestational ages is crucial in maternal monitoring. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals assess fetal well-being and development accurately, ensuring appropriate care for both the mother and the baby.