ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis. Which assessment finding reveals that the compensatory mechanism to correct this imbalance is in effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kussmaul respirations. In metabolic acidosis, the body compensates by increasing the respiratory rate to exhale excess CO2 and decrease acidity in the blood. Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid breaths that help restore the acid-base balance. Increased urinary output (A) is not a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Reduced abdominal distention (B) is unrelated to acid-base imbalances. Decreased blood pressure (D) is not a typical compensatory response to metabolic acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient's urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Presence of red blood cells and albumin in the urine indicates possible kidney damage due to the blunt trauma. This is concerning as it may suggest renal impairment or injury. Choices A, B, and C are normal findings and do not necessarily indicate kidney damage. A: Similar creatinine levels in urine and blood are expected as creatinine is filtered by the kidneys. B: Sodium and chloride in urine are normal components and their presence is expected. C: Uric acid levels in urine mirroring serum levels is a normal finding.
Question 3 of 5
The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: azotemia. Azotemia refers to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, indicating a buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Oliguria (A) is a decrease in urine output, not specifically related to BUN and creatinine levels. Acute kidney injury (C) is a broader term that includes various causes of kidney dysfunction, not specific to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Prerenal disease (D) typically refers to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function, but it does not specifically indicate elevated BUN and creatinine levels.
Question 4 of 5
The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure. To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury, the nurse should
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because evaluating the patient's serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure is a standard practice to detect contrast-induced kidney injury. Serum creatinine levels can indicate kidney function and any changes post-procedure could signal kidney injury. Choice A is incorrect because a decrease in urine output may not always be an early indicator of kidney injury. Choice C is incorrect as a renal ultrasound is not typically used for detecting contrast-induced kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect because evaluating postvoid residual volume is not specific for detecting kidney injury related to contrast dye use.
Question 5 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. A reliable 24-hour urine collection is the gold standard for determining GFR or creatinine clearance. 2. If not possible, a standardized formula like CKD-EPI equation can estimate GFR using serum creatinine. 3. This formula takes into account age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level. 4. Option A is incorrect as alternative methods like formulas can still estimate GFR. 5. Option B is incorrect because BUN does not directly correlate with GFR. 6. Option C is incorrect as BUN/creatinine ratio is not a direct measure of GFR.