The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. Which of the following foods would the nurse teach the patient is safe to eat to reduce the risk of infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For a patient with HIV, it is important to reduce the risk of infection by avoiding potentially contaminated foods. Cooked vegetables are safer to eat compared to raw fruits and vegetables since cooking helps to kill harmful pathogens that can be present on raw produce. Caesar dressing, which typically contains raw eggs, should also be avoided as these can pose a risk of foodborne illness for individuals with compromised immune systems like those with HIV. Therefore, the nurse should teach the patient that cooked vegetables are a safer option for reducing the risk of infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A reduced hematocrit (Hct) in a client with deep partial-thickness burns can be primarily caused by volume overload with hemodilution. In patients with burns, there is an initial shift of fluid from the intravascular space to the interstitial space, leading to a decreased intravascular volume. In response to this hypovolemia, there is an increased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, resulting in retention of water and sodium. This volume overload leads to hemodilution, where the proportion of red blood cells to plasma decreases, causing a reduction in hematocrit levels. This scenario is a common occurrence in clients with burn injuries and helps explain the reduced hematocrit in this client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sickle cell crisis is characterized by intense pain due to the vaso-occlusive properties of sickled red blood cells leading to tissue ischemia. Therefore, pain is the primary nursing diagnosis that the nurse should expect to see in the plan of care for a client experiencing a sickle cell crisis. Managing and alleviating the pain is a priority in the care of these clients to improve quality of life and prevent complications. Other nursing diagnoses such as imbalanced nutrition, disturbed sleep pattern, and impaired skin integrity may not be directly related to the acute crisis and would not be the priority focus of care in this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nursing diagnosis that takes the highest priority for a client in a late stage of AIDS with signs of AIDS-related dementia is Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion. This diagnosis is prioritized because AIDS-related dementia is associated with changes in brain function due to HIV affecting the brain tissues. Ensuring adequate cerebral perfusion is crucial to maintaining brain function and preventing further deterioration. Monitoring and addressing any factors that could affect cerebral perfusion, such as blood pressure, oxygenation, and circulation, are essential in managing this condition. Other nursing diagnoses are also important, but addressing ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion should be the highest priority in this situation to prevent further complications related to neurological function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulmonary complications are the most common problem in caring for AIDS patients due to Pneumocystis pneumonia, also known as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia or PCP. PCP is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii. This particular type of pneumonia is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening infection in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS. PCP is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients due to the compromised immune system's inability to effectively fight off the infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of PCP are crucial in the care of AIDS patients to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of respiratory complications.