ATI RN
Core Concepts of Family Centered Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. For which common opportunistic infection should the nurse observe when caring for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Candida albicans. Patients with HIV are at risk for opportunistic infections due to their weakened immune system. Candida albicans is a common fungal infection seen in HIV patients due to their compromised immunity. It can manifest as oral thrush, esophageal candidiasis, or vaginal yeast infections. Observing for signs of Candida albicans is essential for early detection and treatment. Incorrect choices: A: Toxoplasmosis - While Toxoplasmosis is another opportunistic infection seen in HIV patients, it is more commonly associated with neurological manifestations such as encephalitis. B: Cryptococcosis - Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, commonly affecting the lungs and central nervous system in HIV patients. D: Cryptosporidiosis - Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and is commonly seen in HIV patients with severe
Question 2 of 5
A patient asks, 'What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?' Which response should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because antiretroviral medications used for HIV treatment work by inhibiting enzymes essential for viral replication, thus interfering with viral production. This prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading in the body. Option A is incorrect as medications do not encapsulate virus-infected cells. Option B is incorrect as the medications do not mark the virus for natural killer cells. Option C is incorrect as medications do not attract macrophages to the cells.
Question 3 of 5
An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says, 'I always get my pets from a known sanitary source.' What should the nurse instruct the patient about cats and the risk of infection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk for infections, including from Toxoplasma gondii found in cat feces. By ensuring cats have up-to-date immunizations and avoiding their feces, the patient can reduce the risk of infection. A: Keeping cats outdoors most of the time does not address the risk from cat feces inside the house. B: The age of the cat does not necessarily correlate with the risk of infection, so this advice is not relevant. C: Removing all pets and avoiding all contact with cats is an extreme measure and not necessary if proper precautions are taken.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has AIDS has been instructed on foods to eat to reduce the risk of infection. Which foods should the patient select that indicates correct understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pasteurized milk. This is because pasteurization kills harmful bacteria, making it safe for consumption by individuals with weakened immune systems like AIDS patients. A: Rare meat and B: Raw seafood may contain harmful bacteria that can pose a risk of infection for AIDS patients. C: Soft egg yolks may also contain harmful bacteria if not fully cooked, which can be dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems. In summary, pasteurized milk is the safest option as it eliminates the risk of bacterial contamination, while the other choices may increase the risk of infection for a patient with AIDS.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir). What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Lamivudine (Epivir) can cause hepatotoxicity, leading to yellowing of the skin (jaundice). Step 2: Yellowing of the skin is a serious side effect that should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage. Step 3: Reporting yellowing of the skin promptly allows for timely evaluation and necessary interventions. Summary: Reporting bleeding, change in urine output, or flu-like symptoms are not specific to lamivudine and are not directly related to its side effects. Yellowing of the skin is a critical side effect that requires immediate attention.