ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient's urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Presence of red blood cells and albumin in the urine indicates possible kidney damage due to the blunt trauma. This is concerning as it may suggest renal impairment or injury. Choices A, B, and C are normal findings and do not necessarily indicate kidney damage. A: Similar creatinine levels in urine and blood are expected as creatinine is filtered by the kidneys. B: Sodium and chloride in urine are normal components and their presence is expected. C: Uric acid levels in urine mirroring serum levels is a normal finding.
Question 2 of 5
The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure. To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury, the nurse should
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because evaluating the patient's serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure is a standard practice to detect contrast-induced kidney injury. Serum creatinine levels can indicate kidney function and any changes post-procedure could signal kidney injury. Choice A is incorrect because a decrease in urine output may not always be an early indicator of kidney injury. Choice C is incorrect as a renal ultrasound is not typically used for detecting contrast-induced kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect because evaluating postvoid residual volume is not specific for detecting kidney injury related to contrast dye use.
Question 3 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. A reliable 24-hour urine collection is the gold standard for determining GFR or creatinine clearance. 2. If not possible, a standardized formula like CKD-EPI equation can estimate GFR using serum creatinine. 3. This formula takes into account age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level. 4. Option A is incorrect as alternative methods like formulas can still estimate GFR. 5. Option B is incorrect because BUN does not directly correlate with GFR. 6. Option C is incorrect as BUN/creatinine ratio is not a direct measure of GFR.
Question 4 of 5
Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake. The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg. This morning it is 99 kg. The nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: fluid retention of 1.5 liters. The weight gain of 1.5 kg (99 kg - 97.5 kg) indicates fluid retention. This is because 1 kg of weight gain is roughly equivalent to 1 liter of fluid retention. Therefore, a weight gain of 1.5 kg corresponds to fluid retention of 1.5 liters. Choice B is incorrect because a weight gain indicates fluid retention, not fluid loss. Choice C is incorrect as it implies equal intake and output, which is not the case here. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests fluid loss, which contradicts the weight gain observed.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing care for several patients who are at risk for
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the daily use of antacids can lead to metabolic alkalosis, which increases the risk for respiratory acidosis. Antacids can cause the body to retain bicarbonate, leading to an imbalance in the acid-base levels. This can result in hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis. Choices A and B are incorrect as they are not related to the question. Choice C is incorrect as anxiety disorder does not directly contribute to respiratory acidosis.