ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 48 h. Which action demonstrates effective nursing care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Checking the patient's blood glucose level is crucial as TPN can significantly affect glucose levels. 2. Regular monitoring helps prevent complications like hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. 3. Following facility protocol ensures consistency and accuracy in patient care. 4. Timely intervention based on blood glucose levels can prevent adverse effects. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Increasing infusion rate without proper assessment can lead to metabolic complications. C: TPN administration method depends on patient condition, not a fixed duration. D: Monitoring peripheral IV site is irrelevant for TPN, which requires a central line.
Question 2 of 5
The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: azotemia. Azotemia refers to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, indicating a buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Oliguria (A) is a decrease in urine output, not specifically related to BUN and creatinine levels. Acute kidney injury (C) is a broader term that includes various causes of kidney dysfunction, not specific to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Prerenal disease (D) typically refers to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function, but it does not specifically indicate elevated BUN and creatinine levels.
Question 3 of 5
The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure. To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury, the nurse should
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because evaluating the patient's serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure is a standard practice to detect contrast-induced kidney injury. Serum creatinine levels can indicate kidney function and any changes post-procedure could signal kidney injury. Choice A is incorrect because a decrease in urine output may not always be an early indicator of kidney injury. Choice C is incorrect as a renal ultrasound is not typically used for detecting contrast-induced kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect because evaluating postvoid residual volume is not specific for detecting kidney injury related to contrast dye use.
Question 4 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. A reliable 24-hour urine collection is the gold standard for determining GFR or creatinine clearance. 2. If not possible, a standardized formula like CKD-EPI equation can estimate GFR using serum creatinine. 3. This formula takes into account age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level. 4. Option A is incorrect as alternative methods like formulas can still estimate GFR. 5. Option B is incorrect because BUN does not directly correlate with GFR. 6. Option C is incorrect as BUN/creatinine ratio is not a direct measure of GFR.
Question 5 of 5
Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake. The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg. This morning it is 99 kg. The nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: fluid retention of 1.5 liters. The weight gain of 1.5 kg (99 kg - 97.5 kg) indicates fluid retention. This is because 1 kg of weight gain is roughly equivalent to 1 liter of fluid retention. Therefore, a weight gain of 1.5 kg corresponds to fluid retention of 1.5 liters. Choice B is incorrect because a weight gain indicates fluid retention, not fluid loss. Choice C is incorrect as it implies equal intake and output, which is not the case here. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests fluid loss, which contradicts the weight gain observed.