ATI RN
Concept of Family Health Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Patients with AIDS are at high risk for opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to their compromised immune system. This infection is a common cause of respiratory issues in AIDS patients. Monitoring for this specific infection is crucial for early detection and treatment. A: Tuberculosis is also a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, but the question specifically mentions a lung infection caused by a fungus, ruling out tuberculosis. B: Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection, not caused by a fungus, hence it is not the correct answer. C: Candida albicans is a fungal infection, but it typically affects mucous membranes like the mouth and throat, not the lungs as specified in the question.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico. What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use beach towels. Using beach towels can help prevent skin infections caused by exposure to contaminated surfaces. Walking barefoot (B) can increase the risk of skin infections. Eating raw fruits or vegetables (C) is not directly related to preventing opportunistic infections in this scenario. Cleaning bathroom supplies with bleach (D) is important for general hygiene but not specific to preventing opportunistic infections.
Question 3 of 5
A patient admitted yesterday for injuries sustained in a fall while intoxicated believes bugs are crawling on the bed. The patient is anxious, agitated, and diaphoretic. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Risk for injury. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the patient's current state of agitation and anxiety, coupled with the belief of bugs crawling on the bed, poses an immediate risk for self-injury. The patient's altered mental status and intoxication increase the likelihood of accidental harm. Explanation for other choices: A: Ineffective airway clearance - While this is always a critical concern, the patient's current presentation does not indicate any immediate threat to the airway. B: Ineffective coping - While the patient may be experiencing distress, the primary focus should be on addressing the risk of injury given the patient's altered mental status. C: Ineffective denial - While the patient may be experiencing hallucinations, the primary concern is the risk of injury rather than the patient's denial of the situation.
Question 4 of 5
A patient admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and several drinks during the evening.' Which defense mechanism is evident?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. The patient's statement reflects denial as they are minimizing their alcohol consumption by categorizing it as normal social drinking. Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a reality or truth to protect themselves from anxiety or discomfort. In this scenario, the patient is not accepting the reality of their excessive drinking habits. Explanation for other choices: A: Rationalization - This defense mechanism involves justifying behavior with logical reasoning. The patient is not providing logical reasoning for their drinking habits. B: Introjection - This defense mechanism involves internalizing external beliefs or values. The patient's statement does not indicate internalizing external beliefs. C: Projection - This defense mechanism involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or emotions to others. The patient is not projecting their drinking habits onto others.
Question 5 of 5
When a person first begins drinking alcohol, two drinks produce relaxation and drowsiness. After 1 year, four drinks are needed to achieve the same relaxed, drowsy state. Why does this change occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tolerance develops. Tolerance occurs when the body adapts to repeated exposure to alcohol, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. Initially, two drinks were sufficient, but over time, the body adjusts, leading to the need for four drinks to achieve the same level of relaxation and drowsiness. This change is not due to the alcohol being less potent (A), antagonistic effects (C), or hypomagnesemia (D). Tolerance is a well-documented phenomenon in the context of alcohol consumption, explaining the increased amount needed to achieve the desired effect.