The nurse is caring for a patient who has a bloodborne pathogen. The nurse splashes blood above the glove to intact skin while discontinuing an intravenous (IV) infusion. Which step(s) will the nurse take next?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Immediately washing the site with soap and running water is essential to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens. This step helps to remove any potentially infectious material and decreases the likelihood of infection. Seeking guidance from the manager is also important as they can provide support and further instructions on reporting the incident. Choice A is incorrect because using an alcohol swab alone may not effectively remove all bloodborne pathogens, and continuing care without proper cleaning increases the risk of transmission. Choice C is incorrect as ignoring a blood splashing incident can lead to serious health consequences for both the nurse and the patient. It is not acceptable to consider it a normal part of the job. Choice D is incorrect because delaying washing the site can allow pathogens to enter the body through breaks in the skin, increasing the risk of infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'All of the above.' To transmit an infection, all three elements mentioned are needed. The infectious agent refers to the pathogen or microorganism that causes the infection, such as bacteria or viruses. The reservoir is the source or habitat where the infectious agent lives and multiplies, such as humans, animals, or the environment. Lastly, the means of transmission refers to the way the infectious agent is transferred from the reservoir to a susceptible host, which can include direct contact, airborne droplets, contaminated objects, or vectors like mosquitoes. Therefore, all three elements are necessary for the transmission of an infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Not using a condom increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections, indicating a need for further education.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In healthcare, reservoirs include any surfaces or items where microorganisms can survive, such as equipment, clothing, and soiled materials.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Penicillin is less preferred in tetanus management due to potential GABA antagonism exacerbating spasms. Metronidazole is the antibiotic of choice, with midazolam, immunoglobulin, and labetalol used for spasms, neutralization, and autonomic control.