The nurse is caring for a patient who experiences frequent generalized

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Clonic seizures are characterized by rhythmic jerking movements. Step 2: Apnea is the cessation of breathing. Step 3: Generalized clonic seizures associated with apnea can lead to hypoxemia (low oxygen in the blood). Step 4: Hypoxemia can result in lactic acidosis due to anaerobic metabolism. Conclusion: The correct answer is A because the patient experiencing generalized clonic seizures associated with periods of apnea is at risk for hypoxemia and subsequent lactic acidosis. Summary of other choices: B: Being alert is important but not directly related to the patient's condition. C: Base imbalance options are not relevant to the scenario provided. D: While lactic acidosis is mentioned, this choice does not directly address the association between clonic seizures, apnea, hypoxemia, and lactic acidosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: amount of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue contains less water compared to muscle tissue, so individuals with higher adipose tissue percentages will have lower body water percentages. This influences overall body water content among individuals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while total muscle mass and vasopressin secretion do play a role in body water regulation, they are not the primary factors influencing variation in body water percentage among individuals. Drinking habits also affect hydration levels but are not the primary determinant of body water percentage variability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: intracellular fluid. This is because the majority of water in the body is found inside the cells, which make up the intracellular fluid compartment. This is where most of the body's metabolic processes occur. Synovial fluid (A), plasma (B), and interstitial fluid (C) contain smaller percentages of water compared to intracellular fluid. Synovial fluid is found in joints, plasma is the liquid part of blood, and interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells in tissues. Therefore, intracellular fluid holds the largest percentage of water in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, blood vessel walls. Blood vessel walls separate the two types of extracellular fluid - interstitial fluid and blood plasma. This separation is crucial for maintaining homeostasis by regulating the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. The plasma membrane (choice A) is the boundary between the intracellular and extracellular environments of individual cells, not between the two types of extracellular fluid. The blood-brain barrier (choice B) is a specialized structure that separates the blood from the brain's extracellular fluid to protect the brain from harmful substances, not the two types of extracellular fluid. Transcellular membranes (choice D) refer to specific membranes within cells, not the separation between extracellular fluid types.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: membrane potential. Membrane potential refers to the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell due to the unequal distribution of positively and negatively charged ions across the plasma membrane. This potential difference is crucial for various cellular processes such as nerve conduction and muscle contraction. A: Disequilibrium constant is a term used in chemical reactions to describe the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, not related to the distribution of charged solutes in a cell. B: Charge separation is a generic term and does not specifically refer to the unequal distribution of charged solutes across the plasma membrane. D: Chemical disequilibrium refers to a state where a system is not at equilibrium in terms of chemical reactions, not directly related to the distribution of charged solutes across the membrane.