ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis. The patient suddenly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because sudden changes in a patient's condition during peritoneal dialysis could indicate neurological issues like infection or intracranial bleeding. Evaluating the patient's neurological status will help identify any potential complications that require immediate intervention. Assessing peritoneal dialysate return (B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Checking blood sugar (C) is relevant for diabetic patients but not specifically indicated here. Choice A does not provide any specific action and lacks relevance to the situation.
Question 2 of 5
What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. ECF osmolarity regulation prevents fluid shifts between cells and extracellular fluid. 2. Maintaining osmotic balance is crucial for cellular function and preventing cell damage. 3. Imbalances can lead to dehydration or edema. 4. Other choices are incorrect because: A. Blood pressure regulation involves various mechanisms beyond osmolarity. B. Urine concentration is regulated by the kidneys, not ECF osmolarity. C. Na+ balance primarily affects cell excitability, not ECF osmolarity.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2. This is because carbonic acid is a major source of hydrogen ions in the body through the dissociation of CO2 in the blood, contributing to the regulation of blood pH. Option A is incorrect as phosphoric and sulfuric acids from dietary proteins are not major contributors to hydrogen ions. Option B is incorrect as lactic acid production by muscles does not significantly impact overall body pH. Option C is incorrect as natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid, do not play a major role in hydrogen ion production within the body.
Question 4 of 5
Recognizing the prevalence and incidence of dehydration among older adults, a care aide at a long-term care facility is in the habit of encouraging residents to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which of the following facts underlies the care aide's advice?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when their serum sodium levels are high. This means that they may not feel thirsty even when they are dehydrated, leading to a higher risk of dehydration. This fact underscores the importance of encouraging older adults to drink fluids regularly, even if they don't feel thirsty. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on metabolic needs rather than the sensation of thirst. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains to kidney function rather than the sensation of thirst. Choice D is incorrect as it discusses the RAAS system's role in sodium clearance, which is not directly related to the sensation of thirst in older adults.
Question 5 of 5
A client is brought to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles in lower lung fields bilaterally. What is the client's most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluid volume excess. The client's symptoms of full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and crackles in the lung fields suggest fluid overload. A full, bounding pulse indicates increased circulating volume. Severe edema and crackles in the lungs are classic signs of fluid overload leading to pulmonary congestion. Hyponatremia (A) presents with different symptoms like confusion and muscle cramps. Electrolyte imbalance: hypocalcemia (C) would not typically present with the described symptoms. Hyperkalemia (D) would manifest with cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness, not the symptoms described.