The nurse is caring for a patient on warfarin with an elevated INR level. Which of the ff. would be ordered as the antidote for warfarin?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, thus prolonging the time it takes for blood to clot. An elevated INR level indicates that the blood is taking longer to clot than desired, potentially putting the patient at risk for bleeding. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin because it helps the liver produce these clotting factors, ultimately reversing the effects of warfarin and promoting normal blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K helps lower the INR level and reduce the risk of bleeding in patients on warfarin therapy. Therefore, in this scenario, Vitamin K would be the appropriate antidote to use for the patient with an elevated INR level.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn should prioritize safety and best practices. Positioning the neonate supine while sleeping is crucial to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and ensure proper airway alignment. Using a bulb syringe to suction as needed, with the correct technique of suctioning the nose first and then the pharynx, helps effectively remove secretions and keep the airway clear. This intervention promotes optimal respiratory function and reduces the risk of airway obstruction in newborns. Sleeping in the prone position is not recommended due to the increased risk of SIDS. Wrapping the neonate as snugly as possible can also pose risks of overheating and compromising the airway, making it an unsafe practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Autism screening is recommended between 18 and 24 months.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephrosis in children is also known as nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of albuminuria (loss of protein in the urine), hypoproteinemia (low levels of protein in the blood), and edema (swelling due to fluid retention). This condition results from damage to the filters in the kidneys, leading to increased permeability and loss of protein in the urine. The classic triad of symptoms in nephrotic syndrome includes proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Other symptoms may include weight gain, frothy urine, and susceptibility to infections. Hematuria, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are not typical features of nephrotic syndrome in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abundant lanugo over the body: Premature newborns often have abundant lanugo, which is fine, soft hair covering their bodies. This is a common characteristic of prematurity as the baby has not had enough time to shed this hair before birth.