The nurse is caring for a patient in an intensive care unit who needs a bath. Which priority action will the nurse take to decrease the potential for a health care–associated infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Use a chlorhexidine wash. This is the priority action to decrease the potential for healthcare-associated infections in an ICU setting. Chlorhexidine is an effective antiseptic that can reduce the risk of infection by killing a wide range of microorganisms on the skin. It is specifically chosen for its ability to provide prolonged antimicrobial activity, making it an essential component in infection prevention protocols. Using a chlorhexidine wash before a bath can significantly reduce the microbial load on the patient's skin, decreasing the risk of infections. Choice A, using local anesthetic on reddened areas, is not directly related to infection prevention. Choice B, using nonallergenic tape on dressings, is important for preventing allergic reactions but does not address the overall risk of healthcare-associated infections. Choice D, using filtered water, is important for certain procedures but does not target the broader goal of infection prevention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply a new mask. When a surgical mask becomes moist, it loses its effectiveness in filtering out particles and bacteria. Applying a new mask ensures proper protection for the nurse and the patient. Reapplying a moist mask after it air-dries is not recommended as it may still harbor bacteria. Changing the mask when relieved by the next shift may lead to prolonged exposure to contaminants. Continuing to wear a moist mask, even if the nurse is comfortable, compromises safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because after exposure to blood, it is crucial to prioritize the health and safety of both the nurse and the patient. Testing the patient for any bloodborne pathogens and providing treatment to the nurse promptly are necessary steps to assess and mitigate potential risks of infection transmission. Placing the scalpel in a needle safe container (A) is important for proper disposal but does not address the immediate health concerns. Removing sterile gloves (C) and disposing of them in a kick bucket is a standard practice but does not address the potential exposure. Providing a medical evaluation of the nurse to the manager (D) is important but does not address the immediate need for testing and treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Hepatitis A is indeed transmitted by the fecal-oral route, making option A, TRUE, the correct answer. This transmission occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food or water with the virus present in the feces of an infected individual. Option B, FALSE, is incorrect because Hepatitis A is not transmitted through blood or bodily fluids like other types of hepatitis (e.g., Hepatitis B and C). Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the specific mode of transmission for each type of hepatitis to implement appropriate infection control measures. In an educational context, understanding the routes of transmission for infectious diseases like Hepatitis A is crucial for nurses to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare settings. By knowing that Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, nurses can educate patients and implement proper hand hygiene, sanitation, and food safety practices to reduce the risk of transmission. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to patients while maintaining a healthy environment for both healthcare workers and patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Infection is accurately defined as a disease resulting from pathogens in or on the body. This definition is correct because infections are caused by the invasion and proliferation of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites within a host organism. These pathogens disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to signs and symptoms of illness. Understanding this definition is crucial in infection control nursing as it guides healthcare professionals in identifying, preventing, and treating infections effectively. Option A is incorrect because while living in an unclean environment can contribute to the risk of infection, it is not the sole defining factor. Option B is also incorrect as lack of knowledge about food preparation may lead to foodborne illnesses but does not encompass the broader concept of infection. Option D is incorrect as it describes illness resulting from traumatic injury, which is a separate category from infections caused by pathogens. In an educational context, nurses must have a clear understanding of what constitutes an infection to provide optimal patient care. By recognizing the source and nature of infections, healthcare professionals can implement appropriate measures to prevent their spread, protect vulnerable individuals, and promote overall public health. This knowledge is fundamental in infection control practices and is essential for maintaining a safe healthcare environment.