The nurse is caring for a patient in an intensive care unit who needs a bath. Which priority action will the nurse take to decrease the potential for a health care–associated infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Use a chlorhexidine wash. This is the priority action to decrease the potential for healthcare-associated infections in an ICU setting. Chlorhexidine is an effective antiseptic that can reduce the risk of infection by killing a wide range of microorganisms on the skin. It is specifically chosen for its ability to provide prolonged antimicrobial activity, making it an essential component in infection prevention protocols. Using a chlorhexidine wash before a bath can significantly reduce the microbial load on the patient's skin, decreasing the risk of infections. Choice A, using local anesthetic on reddened areas, is not directly related to infection prevention. Choice B, using nonallergenic tape on dressings, is important for preventing allergic reactions but does not address the overall risk of healthcare-associated infections. Choice D, using filtered water, is important for certain procedures but does not target the broader goal of infection prevention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply a new mask. When a surgical mask becomes moist, it loses its effectiveness in filtering out particles and bacteria. Applying a new mask ensures proper protection for the nurse and the patient. Reapplying a moist mask after it air-dries is not recommended as it may still harbor bacteria. Changing the mask when relieved by the next shift may lead to prolonged exposure to contaminants. Continuing to wear a moist mask, even if the nurse is comfortable, compromises safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because after exposure to blood, it is crucial to prioritize the health and safety of both the nurse and the patient. Testing the patient for any bloodborne pathogens and providing treatment to the nurse promptly are necessary steps to assess and mitigate potential risks of infection transmission. Placing the scalpel in a needle safe container (A) is important for proper disposal but does not address the immediate health concerns. Removing sterile gloves (C) and disposing of them in a kick bucket is a standard practice but does not address the potential exposure. Providing a medical evaluation of the nurse to the manager (D) is important but does not address the immediate need for testing and treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hepatitis A is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, typically through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces. This mode of transmission distinguishes it from other types of hepatitis, such as Hepatitis B or C, which are bloodborne.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An infection is defined as a disease state caused by the presence and growth of pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) in or on the body.