The nurse is caring for a macrosomic newborn whose mother has diabetes. What should the nurse assess for with this neonate?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Hypoglycemia. A macrosomic newborn of a mother with diabetes is at risk for hypoglycemia due to fetal hyperinsulinemia in response to maternal hyperglycemia. Insulin levels drop after birth, leading to hypoglycemia in the neonate. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the newborn's blood glucose levels closely to prevent any potential complications. Option B) Erythroblastosis fetalis is incorrect as it is a condition where maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells, which is not directly related to maternal diabetes. Option C) Intracranial hemorrhage is not typically associated with a macrosomic newborn of a diabetic mother unless there are other complications during birth. Option D) Pancreatic failure is not a common concern in a macrosomic newborn of a diabetic mother; the primary focus would be on monitoring blood glucose levels and preventing hypoglycemia. Educational Context: Understanding the implications of maternal diabetes on a newborn is crucial for nurses caring for infants at risk. By recognizing the increased likelihood of hypoglycemia in macrosomic newborns of diabetic mothers, nurses can provide targeted monitoring and interventions to ensure the baby's well-being. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to this specific population of infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Glucose challenge test. This test is used to screen for gestational diabetes because it involves drinking a sugary solution and then measuring blood sugar levels after a specific amount of time. This helps to determine how well the body processes sugar during pregnancy. Option A) Glycosylated hemoglobin test is not used for screening gestational diabetes. This test measures average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months and is more commonly used to monitor long-term control of diabetes. Option C) Oral glucose tolerance test is another test used for diagnosing gestational diabetes, but it is more involved and time-consuming compared to the glucose challenge test. It requires fasting overnight and then drinking a more concentrated sugar solution followed by multiple blood sugar measurements over a few hours. Option D) Postprandial glucose test measures blood sugar levels after a meal and is not the primary test used for screening gestational diabetes. Understanding the differences between these tests is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant individuals to ensure timely and accurate screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes, which is essential for the health of both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Intrapartum nursing care for a woman with sickle cell disease is crucial to ensure both maternal and fetal well-being. The correct answer, A) Maintaining oxygenation and preventing dehydration, is essential in managing sickle cell disease during labor. Sickle cell disease can lead to vaso-occlusive crisis, where sickled red blood cells block blood flow, causing tissue ischemia and pain. Maintaining adequate oxygen levels and hydration can help prevent sickling of cells, reduce the risk of crisis, and promote optimal fetal oxygenation. Option B) Controlling pain and avoiding unnecessary movement is important in sickle cell disease management, but during labor, maintaining oxygenation and hydration take precedence. Pain control can be addressed alongside the primary focus on oxygenation. Option C) Preventing excess exertion and limiting visitors is relevant in preventing complications related to sickle cell disease, but these are not the primary concerns during labor. Oxygenation and hydration are more critical for maternal and fetal well-being. Option D) Increasing calorie intake and avoiding internal monitoring are not directly related to managing sickle cell disease during labor. Calorie intake and monitoring methods are important aspects of overall care but are not specific to intrapartum management of sickle cell disease. Educationally, understanding the priority of care for women with sickle cell disease during labor is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care. By focusing on maintaining oxygenation and preventing dehydration, nurses can help mitigate potential complications and promote positive outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of maternal diseases, it is crucial for pregnant women who become infected with chickenpox to report promptly any signs of respiratory distress, such as cough or dyspnea. This is because chickenpox can lead to pneumonia in pregnant women, posing serious risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. Prompt reporting of respiratory symptoms allows for timely medical intervention to prevent complications. Option A is the correct answer as it directly addresses a potentially life-threatening complication associated with chickenpox in pregnancy. Cough or dyspnea can indicate the development of pneumonia, which requires immediate medical attention. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because severe skin itching, joint pain, and increased urination are not typically associated with the complications of chickenpox in pregnant women. While these symptoms may cause discomfort, they do not pose the same level of threat as respiratory symptoms in this specific scenario. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the unique considerations and potential complications of maternal diseases during pregnancy. It emphasizes the significance of early detection and reporting of symptoms to ensure the well-being of both the pregnant woman and her unborn child. This knowledge is vital for healthcare providers and pregnant women to effectively manage maternal diseases and promote positive pregnancy outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of treating HIV in pregnant women, the correct answer is C) Zidovudine. Zidovudine, also known as AZT, is recommended as part of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for HIV-infected pregnant women to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of the virus. It has been shown to significantly decrease the transmission of HIV from mother to baby during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Antibiotics (option A) are not typically used as a primary treatment for HIV; they are more commonly prescribed for bacterial infections. Protease analogues (option B) are a type of antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV, but they are not specifically recommended for preventing mother-to-child transmission. Acyclovir (option D) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes simplex virus infections, not HIV. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the specific treatment protocols for managing HIV in pregnant women to ensure the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Proper administration of Zidovudine as part of a comprehensive ART regimen can greatly reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV and improve the health of both the mother and the child.