The nurse is caring for a client with thrombocytopenia. What is the best way to protect this client?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count in the blood, which can lead to abnormal bleeding and bruising. Using the smallest needle possible for injections helps minimize the risk of causing bleeding or bruising in clients with thrombocytopenia. Larger needles can cause more tissue damage and increase the chances of bleeding complications in these individuals. Therefore, using the smallest needle possible is the best way to protect the client from potential harm related to their condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Microcytic, hypochromic anemia is characterized by small red blood cells with decreased hemoglobin content. Iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia are the two main types of anemia that present with these characteristics. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body, which is essential for the production of hemoglobin. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that results in decreased production of normal hemoglobin. Both conditions lead to small, pale red blood cells, fitting the description of microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Other choices such as Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (choice A), folic acid deficiency anemia (choice B), sickle cell anemia (choice D), and anemia of chronic disease (choice D) typically present as normocytic or macrocytic anemias.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis that the nurse should monitor for. Peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It can occur when bacteria from the dialysis solution enter the peritoneal cavity. Symptoms of peritonitis may include abdominal pain, cloudy dialysis effluent, fever, and general signs of infection. Prompt recognition and treatment of peritonitis are crucial to prevent complications such as sepsis and peritoneal membrane damage. Regular monitoring and strict aseptic technique during peritoneal dialysis can help reduce the risk of peritonitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus exercises or reduces their food intake, it can lead to a decrease in blood glucose levels. This is because the body is using up glucose for energy during exercise or receiving less glucose from food intake. As a result, the client would require less insulin to manage their blood glucose levels, since there is less glucose present in the bloodstream that needs to be regulated. It is important for the client and family to understand this relationship between diet, exercise, and insulin requirements to effectively manage the client's diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to kidney dysfunction. Common laboratory findings consistent with acute glomerulonephritis include hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), and white cell casts (indicative of inflammation in the kidney tubules). Polyuria, which refers to excessive urination, is not a typical laboratory finding associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Instead, patients with acute glomerulonephritis often present with oliguria or reduced urine output due to impaired kidney function. Therefore, polyuria is not consistent with the typical laboratory findings of acute glomerulonephritis.