The nurse is caring for a client with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Which of the following assessments would the nurse anticipate finding?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In caring for a client with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), the nurse would anticipate finding frequent urination. This is because BPH can cause compression of the urethra, leading to urinary symptoms such as increased frequency of urination. Option A, a large volume of urinary output with each voiding, is incorrect for BPH as the condition typically leads to obstructive symptoms rather than increased volume. Option B, involuntary voiding with coughing and sneezing, is more indicative of stress incontinence, which is not typically associated with BPH. Option D, dark and concentrated urine, is not a common finding in BPH and is more suggestive of dehydration or other urinary issues. Educationally, understanding the expected assessment findings in clients with BPH is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions. Recognizing the symptoms of BPH can help nurses implement effective management strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In teaching a client about the electrical pathway of an impulse through the heart, it is crucial to provide accurate information to ensure understanding and promote optimal learning. The correct answer, option D (SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers), demonstrates the normal pathway of an impulse in the heart. This sequence accurately represents the physiological order in which electrical impulses travel through the heart to coordinate its contractions effectively. Option A (AV node, SA node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers) is incorrect because it reverses the order of the SA node and AV node in the pathway. The SA node initiates the impulse, followed by the AV node, to allow for proper conduction through the heart. Option B (Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, Bundle of His) is incorrect as it starts with the Purkinje fibers, which are responsible for rapid conduction of the impulse to the myocardial cells, rather than the initial pacemaker (SA node). Option C (Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node) is incorrect because it starts with the Bundle of His, which is not the initial site of impulse generation in the heart. In an educational context, understanding the normal electrical pathway of the heart is essential for healthcare professionals to interpret ECG findings accurately, manage dysrhythmias effectively, and educate patients about their cardiac health. By grasping this concept, nurses can provide safe and competent care to clients with cardiac conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a client with congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema, the primary nursing diagnosis would be impaired gas exchange (Option B). This is because in pulmonary edema, there is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane. This can lead to hypoxemia and respiratory distress, making impaired gas exchange a priority. Option A, pain, is not the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this scenario because while the client may experience discomfort, the priority is addressing the respiratory distress and impaired gas exchange. Option C, decreased cardiac output, is a common complication of congestive heart failure but is not the primary concern in a client presenting with pulmonary edema. Option D, fluid volume excess, is related to the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure but is not the primary nursing diagnosis in this case. While fluid volume excess may contribute to pulmonary edema, the immediate focus should be on improving gas exchange to ensure adequate oxygenation. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind choosing impaired gas exchange as the primary nursing diagnosis reinforces the importance of prioritizing patient needs based on the presenting symptoms and pathophysiology. It highlights the critical thinking skills required in nursing to differentiate between various symptoms and select the most urgent issue to address for the client's well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Smoking has been linked to cancer of the lungs, bladder, and pancreas, but has not been linked directly to cancer of the testes. Males who had undescended testicle(s) have been found to have a higher incidence of cancer of the testes later. It is theorized that the internal heat the testes are exposed to while in the abdomen causes the damage to the testes. Multiple sex partners is a risk for genital warts, AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases, but has not been shown to be a risk for cancer of the testes. Genital trauma more likely causes bladder and ureteral damage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Prevention of infection, and potential septicemia, is of prime importance for someone with a central catheter. Mixing TPN is a very specialized procedure, and should be done under laminar airflow by a pharmacist. IV pumps are machines that do malfunction, but the safest thing to do would be to get the manufacturer to do the repair. Having neighbors be a support to Chelsea and her family may not be possible. More information would be necessary prior to choosing this as an option for a nursing diagnosis.