The nurse is caring for a client who is being treated in the emergency department for a panic attack. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because staying with the client and emphasizing safety helps establish trust and security, which are crucial during a panic attack. This intervention provides reassurance and support, reducing the client's anxiety and promoting a sense of safety. A: Demonstrating empathy is important, but trying to mimic the client's anxiety may escalate the situation. B: Leaving the client alone may increase feelings of abandonment and worsen the panic attack. C: Providing false reassurance by stating a positive prognosis may invalidate the client's feelings and minimize the seriousness of their experience. In summary, choice D is the most appropriate as it focuses on providing immediate support and safety to help the client through the panic attack.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient's behavior of searching for child pornography indicates a high risk for acting on harmful impulses. This behavior is illegal and harmful to children, suggesting severe mental health issues. Choice B may indicate relationship problems but not immediate risk of harm. Choice C involves inappropriate behavior but not necessarily self-harm. Choice D indicates concerning thoughts but not immediate risk of harm to oneself. Suicidal risk is highest when an individual shows dangerous behaviors or intentions, such as in choice A.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transference. This term refers to the patient projecting feelings or emotions they have towards someone else, typically a significant figure from their past, onto the nurse. In this scenario, the patient is expressing comfort in talking to the nurse similar to the comfort they felt when talking to their deceased father, indicating a transference of emotions. A: Superego pertains to the internalized moral standards and values of an individual, not relevant in this context. C: Reality testing involves distinguishing between internal thoughts and external reality, which is not the focus of the patient's comment. D: Counter-transference refers to the nurse's emotional response towards the patient, not the patient's feelings towards the nurse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the statement reflects the hallmark symptom of agoraphobia, which is the fear of leaving one's safe space. The patient expresses the irrationality of their fear but still feels unable to go out. Choice A indicates optimism and a belief in overcoming the fear, not consistent with agoraphobia. Choice C suggests social support for staying home, which is not a characteristic of agoraphobia. Choice D implies the ability to go out with motivation, which is not in line with the persistent fear and avoidance seen in agoraphobia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because individuals with personality disorders often lack insight into their condition and may not seek help. This can lead to underreporting of symptoms and reluctance to engage in treatment. Maladaptive behaviors (B) are a symptom of personality disorders, not a reason for difficulty in diagnosis. Lack of reliable health history (C) may hinder diagnosis but is not specific to personality disorders. Lack of emotional response (D) from the client may be a symptom of certain personality disorders but is not the main reason for difficulty in diagnosis.