Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When addressing a client's non-adherence to treatment, a nonjudgmental approach is most effective. This involves showing empathy, understanding, and support without criticizing or condemning the client. By adopting a nonjudgmental attitude, the nurse can create a safe environment for open communication and collaboration to explore the reasons behind the client's non-adherence. This approach helps build trust and rapport, which are essential for promoting positive behavior change and improving treatment adherence. In contrast, being indifferent, demanding, or confrontational can lead to defensiveness, resistance, and further non-adherence in the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) who is at risk for Impaired Skin Integrity, keeping the skin clean and dry, and moisturizing areas of dryness is crucial. Patients with PVD often have compromised circulation to the extremities, which can lead to decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and impaired wound healing. Proper skin care helps prevent skin breakdown, decreases the risk of infection, and promotes overall skin health. Keeping the skin clean and dry helps prevent skin breakdown, while moisturizing areas of dryness helps maintain skin integrity. This intervention focuses on maintaining skin health and preventing complications associated with compromised circulation in patients with PVD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An epiphyseal fracture involves the distal or proximal epiphysis of a long bone, such as the femur, tibia, or humerus. Long bones are characterized by having a long shaft with distinct ends (epiphyses). The epiphysis is the site of bone growth and plays a crucial role in bone development. Therefore, understanding the classification of the bone as long helps the nurse in providing appropriate care for the patient with an epiphyseal fracture, such as monitoring growth plate involvement and ensuring proper immobilization for healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should ask the patient if she completed the antibiotic prescribed for the first urinary tract infection because it is important to determine if the initial infection was fully treated. If the antibiotic course was not completed as prescribed, it could lead to a recurrence of the infection due to incomplete eradication of the bacteria. Additionally, incomplete treatment can lead to antibiotic resistance, making it harder to treat future infections. Understanding if the patient followed through with the prescribed treatment is crucial in assessing the current situation and planning appropriate interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Congenital defects are categorized according to the pathophysiology and hemodynamics of the defect. This means that defects are grouped based on the underlying mechanisms that lead to the defect and how these abnormalities impact the flow of blood or other bodily functions. This classification allows healthcare providers to better understand the nature of the defect and tailor treatment plans accordingly. It helps in determining the best course of action, whether it be medical management, surgical intervention, or monitoring for potential complications. By categorizing congenital defects in this way, healthcare providers can provide more targeted and effective care for affected individuals.