ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client receiving IV nitroglycerin for chest pain. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nitroglycerin dilates vessels, relieving angina but risking hypotension. BP of 90/60 mmHg indicates excessive drop, requiring immediate action (e.g., stopping infusion) to prevent shock. Heart rate of 80 and respiratory rate of 16 are normal. Pain at 2/10 shows efficacy. Hypotension's threat to perfusion aligns with nitroglycerin's effect, critical in chest pain where stability is key, making A the finding needing swift response.
Question 2 of 9
A client has been prescribed testosterone. Which medication education should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testosterone patches require placement on hair-free skin to ensure proper adhesion and absorption, as hair can block drug delivery, reducing efficacy. Active areas like the thigh or arm are suitable if hairless and dry, contrary to avoidance claims-rotation across such sites is standard. Patches are changed daily, not weekly, for consistent hormone levels. Rash observation is key due to potential skin irritation, a common side effect. Hair-free placement is critical education, directly impacting bioavailability, unlike timing or site activity, which follow secondary guidelines, ensuring effective therapy for hypogonadism or related conditions.
Question 3 of 9
A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency department with altered mental status after ingesting an entire bottle of acetaminophen. The patient's heart rate is 120 beats/minute, blood pressure is 100/58 mm Hg, and respiration rate is 28/minute. His aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are 4,128 IU and 3,978 IU, respectively. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetaminophen overdose with liver failure (elevated AST/ALT) needs N-acetylcysteine , restoring glutathione to detoxify NAPQI. Ammonium chloride and flumazenil are irrelevant. Naloxone treats opioids. Sodium bicarbonate (E) doesn't apply. N-acetylcysteine is critical.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is reviewing factors that influence pharmacokinetics in the neonatal patient. Which factor puts the neonatal patient at risk with regard to drug therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonates have an immature renal system, which affects the excretion of drugs and their metabolites. This immaturity can lead to prolonged drug half-lives and an increased risk of toxicity. While hyperperistalsis, irregular temperature regulation, and smaller circulatory capacity can influence drug therapy, the immature renal system is the most significant factor. Nurses must consider this when administering medications to neonates and adjust dosages accordingly to ensure safety and efficacy.
Question 5 of 9
What is the therapeutic use of Albuterol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albuterol is a medication commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing the air passages to widen and making it easier to breathe. This bronchodilation effect helps to relieve symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is classified as a short-acting beta-agonist, and its therapeutic use lies in its ability to provide quick relief during acute asthma attacks or to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Question 6 of 9
The client has arthritis and has just learned that she is pregnant. What is the best instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pregnancy limits arthritis options-splinting supports joints safely, per non-drug care. Heat helps, not avoided. Hydroxychloroquine needs caution (Category C). Glucocorticoids (D) risk cleft palate-unsafe. Splinting fits pregnancy, per safety.
Question 7 of 9
Which of the following drugs can suppress seizure activity and decrease the frequency of migraine headache?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valproate is a medication commonly used to treat seizures and prevent migraine headaches. It acts by suppressing seizure activity and stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. Valproate is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug that can be an effective treatment for epilepsy and migraine prophylaxis. It works by increasing the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, thus reducing the frequency and severity of seizures and migraine attacks. Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic used to treat high blood pressure, and atropine is a medication with various uses, including dilating the pupils and reducing secretions during surgery.
Question 8 of 9
A severely immunocompromised female patient requires a blood transfusion. To prevent GVHD, the physician will order:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Irradiation of donor blood is a standard practice to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in immunocompromised patients. Irradiation inactivates the donor's lymphocytes, preventing them from attacking the recipient's tissues. Diphenhydramine and acetaminophen are used to manage allergic reactions or fever but do not prevent GVHD. Administering the transfusion slowly does not address the risk of GVHD. Therefore, irradiation is the correct preventive measure.
Question 9 of 9
A male patient with blood type AB, Rh factor positive needs a blood transfusion. The Transfusion Service (blood bank) sends type O, Rh factor negative blood to the unit for the nurse to infuse into this patient. The nurse knows that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this case, the blood type of the donor (type O, Rh-negative) is not compatible with the blood type of the patient (type AB, Rh-positive). Blood type AB individuals can receive blood from all blood types (universal recipient), but they can only donate to individuals with the same blood type. Therefore, if a patient with blood type AB receives a transfusion of type O blood, it will lead to a major incompatibility reaction, possibly resulting in serious complications such as hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), renal failure, and even death. It is crucial for the nurse to verify the blood type of the patient and ensure that the correct blood type is provided to prevent such adverse reactions.