ATI RN
Practice ATI B Exam Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin (Garamycin). Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gentamicin risks ototoxicity, causing tinnitus (ringing, choice A), a serious sign needing immediate reporting to prevent hearing loss. Food doesn't apply'IV delivery. Calcium is irrelevant. Stopping early risks resistance. Reporting tinnitus aligns with gentamicin's toxicity profile, critical in therapy where auditory damage is irreversible, making A the key instruction.
Question 2 of 5
Hormonal agents are used to treat some cancers. An example would be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen antagonists, such as drugs like Tamoxifen or Fulvestrant, are commonly used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These cancer cells have receptors that can bind to estrogen, stimulating their growth. By using estrogen antagonists, the estrogen receptors on the cancer cells are blocked, inhibiting their growth and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. This makes estrogen antagonists an effective hormonal agent for treating breast cancer.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which is a potential nursing diagnosis for the patient taking antihypertensive medications?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction is a potential nursing diagnosis for a patient taking antihypertensive medications. Many antihypertensive medications, especially certain classes like beta-blockers and diuretics, may cause adverse effects such as sexual dysfunction. These medications can impact a patient's libido, sexual arousal, and ability to achieve or maintain an erection, leading to sexual problems. Therefore, sexual dysfunction is an important consideration when caring for a patient with hypertension who is prescribed antihypertensive medications. It is crucial for the nurse to assess, monitor, and address any sexual dysfunction issues that may arise in the patient's care plan to optimize their overall well-being and quality of life.
Question 4 of 5
Furosemide (Lasix) is prescribed for a patient who is about to be discharged, and the nurse provides instructions to the patient about the medication. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that helps the body to remove excess salt and water, which can be useful in conditions like congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorders. The correct statement by the nurse is to "Be sure to change positions slowly and rise slowly after sitting or lying so as to prevent dizziness and possible fainting because of blood pressure changes." This instruction is important because diuretics like furosemide can cause changes in blood pressure, leading to dizziness and fainting when standing up quickly. By changing positions slowly, the patient can minimize the risk of experiencing these symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is hypokalemic and will be receiving IV potassium. The patient is not on a heart monitor. How should the nurse administer the potassium replacement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When administering IV potassium to a hypokalemic patient who is not on a heart monitor, it's important to ensure a controlled rate of infusion to prevent dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. The recommended maximum rate for IV potassium replacement in this scenario is typically no more than 20 mEq/hour. Faster administration rates can increase the risk of hyperkalemia and potentially lead to serious cardiac complications. Monitoring the patient closely for signs of hyperkalemia such as ECG changes or muscle weakness is also crucial during potassium replacement therapy.