ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving amphotericin B for a fungal infection. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amphotericin B, an antifungal, is nephrotoxic , damaging renal tubules and reducing GFR, a severe effect needing close monitoring (e.g., creatinine, urine output) to adjust dosing or hydration. Ototoxicity , hepatotoxicity , and cardiotoxicity are less common. Nephrotoxicity's frequency and severity align with amphotericin's membrane-binding mechanism, critical in fungal infections where prolonged use is typical, making A the priority to monitor for renal protection.
Question 2 of 5
Pethidine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pethidine has less potency than morphine and can reduce uterine activity at term.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is evaluating a client who is HIV positive who is prescribed with pentamidine (Pentam) IV for
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Redness and pain at the site of the infusion can indicate a potential infiltration or extravasation of the medication, in this case, pentamidine (Pentam) IV. Pentamidine is a medication used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia in HIV patients. Infiltration or extravasation of pentamidine can lead to tissue damage, necrosis, and potentially severe complications. Therefore, it is crucial to immediately assess and address any signs of redness and pain at the infusion site to prevent further harm to the patient. This assessment finding should be promptly relayed to the physician for further evaluation and intervention.
Question 4 of 5
While preparing an infusion of mannitol (Osmitrol), the nurse notices small crystals in the IV tubing. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action by the nurse when small crystals are observed in the IV tubing while preparing an infusion of mannitol (Osmitrol) is to discard the solution and obtain another bag of medication. Small crystals in the IV tubing can indicate that the medication may be contaminated or that it has precipitated out of solution, which can potentially lead to complications if infused into the patient. It is crucial to ensure that the medication is in proper form before administration to prevent any harm to the patient. Therefore, discarding the solution and obtaining a new bag of medication is the safest and most appropriate course of action in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with elevated lipid levels has a new prescription for nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse informs the patient that which adverse effects may occur with this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is commonly associated with adverse effects of pruritus (itching) and cutaneous flushing (redness and warmth of the skin). These side effects are usually dose-related and can be alleviated by taking aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 30 minutes before taking niacin. It's important for the nurse to inform the patient about these common side effects so that they are aware of what to expect and how to manage them if they occur.