ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving amphotericin B for a fungal infection. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amphotericin B, an antifungal, is nephrotoxic , damaging renal tubules and reducing GFR, a severe effect needing close monitoring (e.g., creatinine, urine output) to adjust dosing or hydration. Ototoxicity , hepatotoxicity , and cardiotoxicity are less common. Nephrotoxicity's frequency and severity align with amphotericin's membrane-binding mechanism, critical in fungal infections where prolonged use is typical, making A the priority to monitor for renal protection.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is evaluating a client who is HIV positive who is prescribed with pentamidine (Pentam) IV for
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Redness and pain at the site of the infusion can indicate a potential infiltration or extravasation of the medication, in this case, pentamidine (Pentam) IV. Pentamidine is a medication used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia in HIV patients. Infiltration or extravasation of pentamidine can lead to tissue damage, necrosis, and potentially severe complications. Therefore, it is crucial to immediately assess and address any signs of redness and pain at the infusion site to prevent further harm to the patient. This assessment finding should be promptly relayed to the physician for further evaluation and intervention.
Question 3 of 5
The client takes calcium supplements. What is the best instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium absorbs best with food-e.g., fat aids uptake, per pharmacokinetics-unlike empty stomach. Insomnia isn't typical-constipation is. Vitamin D matters-enhances absorption. Meal timing optimizes use, per guidance.
Question 4 of 5
The client takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) but forgets to tell the physician about this drug when a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drug is prescribed for depression. What will the best assessment by the nurse reveal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties, interacts dangerously with MAOIs, which inhibit monoamine breakdown. This combination can cause a hypertensive crisis due to excessive norepinephrine from inhibited metabolism, a life-threatening risk requiring urgent assessment. Depression persistence relates to MAOI efficacy, not interaction. Seizures are less common than hypertensive effects. Allergy control isn't the primary concern. The nurse's best assessment focuses on hypertensive crisis, a well-documented MAOI interaction, prioritizing immediate safety and intervention.
Question 5 of 5
The patient is scheduled to receive a medication that is an enzyme inducer of the P450 system. What best describes the effect of this medication on the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A P450 enzyme inducer (e.g., rifampin) speeds metabolism of itself and other drugs, reducing its own effect over time as levels drop faster, requiring dose adjustments. No effect on others is extreme-some drugs' metabolism increases, lowering their effect. Increased effects suggest inhibition, not induction. Self-induction lowers efficacy, a pharmacokinetic principle affecting long-term use.