ATI RN
Immune System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child requiring cyclosporine to prevent rejection. Cyclosporine is given to adults using a dosage of 15 mg/kg. The nurse calculates the child's dosage is 20 mg/kg. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Calculate the correct dosage for the child. 2. Compare the calculated dosage to the ordered dosage. 3. If the calculated dosage is higher than the ordered dosage for adults, it is within the safe range for children due to their higher metabolic rate. 4. Administering the drug is the priority as the calculated dosage is appropriate for the child's weight and condition. 5. Holding the dose or reporting the error would be unnecessary as the dosage is safe for the child. Notifying the supervisor is not required as there is no error in this case.
Question 2 of 5
During routine prenatal testing, a patient is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. To help prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the fetus, what is the nurse's best action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing education about antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is crucial in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of transmission from mother to fetus. By educating the patient about the benefits and importance of adhering to antiretroviral therapy, the nurse empowers the patient to make informed decisions for the health of the fetus. Choice A is incorrect because while support groups are important for emotional support, they do not directly address preventing perinatal transmission. Choice B is incorrect as educating about risks alone without providing specific preventive measures is not sufficient. Choice C is incorrect as notifying the CDC is not within the nurse's scope and does not directly impact prevention for this patient.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse advises human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients about blood draws to obtain a CD4+ count. What is the correct information to give them about when and how this laboratory blood work should be done?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because obtaining CD4+ counts at the same laboratory and around the same time of day whenever possible ensures consistency in results. This consistency is important for tracking disease progression and treatment efficacy. Choice B, fasting, is irrelevant to CD4+ counts. Choice C, after taking antiretroviral medications, may affect the results due to potential drug interference. Choice D, any laboratory at any time, lacks consistency and may lead to inaccurate comparisons over time. Thus, choice A is the most appropriate for accurate monitoring of HIV-positive patients.
Question 4 of 5
Which virus has been associated with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C (Epstein-Barr virus) - Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) due to its ability to induce uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in immunocompromised individuals. EBV is known to cause PTLD in transplant recipients. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cytomegalovirus) - Although cytomegalovirus can cause complications in transplant recipients, it is not directly associated with PTLD. B (Herpes simplex virus) - Herpes simplex virus does not typically cause PTLD in transplant recipients. D (Human immunodeficiency virus) - HIV can lead to immunosuppression, but it is not directly linked to PTLD.
Question 5 of 5
Your patient taking belatacept becomes pregnant. After discussion with her partner, you, and her health care provider, she decides the best thing to do is continue taking the drug while pregnant. In addition to making this informed decision, what else should she do?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Continuing all other drugs as prescribed ensures that the patient's underlying medical conditions are properly managed during pregnancy. Step 2: Discontinuing other drugs could lead to uncontrolled health issues, posing risks to both the mother and the fetus. Step 3: Stopping belatacept immediately without medical guidance could result in rejection of a transplanted organ. Step 4: Consulting with a genetic counselor is not necessary in this scenario as the primary concern is managing the patient's medical conditions during pregnancy.