Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An open cup is recommended for feeding after cleft palate repair to prevent injury to the surgical site and avoid creating negative pressure, which could disrupt the repair.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adolescents often seek guidance and support from their peers. Setting up a meeting with older teens who are effectively managing chronic renal failure can provide the 14-year-old with motivation, encouragement, and practical advice on how to handle their treatment regimen. This peer support can positively influence the non-compliant adolescent, making choice B the most likely intervention to improve compliance. Choices A and C may not address the peer influence aspect of adolescent behavior, while choice D focuses on punitive measures rather than addressing the underlying reasons for non-compliance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regression. Regression is a common defense mechanism where a child reverts to an earlier stage of development, such as thumb-sucking, to cope with stress. In this scenario, the 6-year-old boy is using thumb-sucking (a behavior typical of earlier developmental stages) as a way to deal with the stress of surgery. Repression (choice A) involves unconsciously blocking out thoughts or feelings, which is not applicable in this case. Rationalization (choice C) is a defense mechanism where illogical or unreasonable explanations are provided to justify behavior, which is not relevant here. Fantasy (choice D) refers to the use of imagination to escape from reality, which is also not the appropriate defense mechanism for the situation described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A pacifier with an easily grasped handle is safer and more convenient for the infant to use without the risk of choking hazards that detachable parts might pose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A heavy roundworm infection can cause anemia, anorexia, irritability, and an enlarged abdomen due to the worms' effects on nutrient absorption and intestinal function.