The nurse is aware that the proper management of poisoning includes the following EXCEPT to

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) perform hemoperfusion. Proper management of poisoning involves interventions aimed at removing or neutralizing the toxic substance from the body. Hemoperfusion is a technique that involves passing the patient's blood through an adsorbent material to remove toxins. However, hemoperfusion is not commonly used in the management of poisoning due to limited effectiveness and availability of other more efficient treatments. Option B) remove the toxin through dialysis is a valid intervention for certain types of poisoning where the toxin is dialyzable and can be effectively removed through this process. Dialysis is particularly useful for removing substances with a low molecular weight that can pass through the dialysis membrane. Option C) dilute the ingested substance is a supportive measure that can be used in some cases of poisoning to decrease the concentration of the toxin in the body. Dilution may help reduce the severity of the toxic effects by minimizing the absorption of the toxin. Option D) induce vomiting after ingestion of the caustic substance or petroleum distillate is generally contraindicated in cases of poisoning with corrosive substances. Inducing vomiting can lead to further damage to the esophagus or airway if the substance is regurgitated. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate management of poisoning is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to patients. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the different treatment modalities available for poisoning and understand the rationale behind each intervention to make informed clinical decisions. It is essential to prioritize evidence-based practices and follow established protocols to ensure the best outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary responsibility for obtaining informed consent lies with the surgeon who will be performing the procedure. Informed consent is a process where the healthcare provider explains the procedure, benefits, risks, and alternatives to the patient, allowing them to make an informed decision about their care. While other healthcare team members may also participate in this process, the ultimate responsibility typically rests with the surgeon as they are the one performing the surgery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues and defective beta cell secretion with loss of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, there is typically not destruction of beta cells from an autoimmune mechanism that leads to lack of insulin and hyperglycemia as seen in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Instead, in type 2 diabetes, the pancreas initially produces insulin, but the body's cells become resistant to its effects. This results in hyperglycemia due to the inability of the body to properly regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, choice C is not true for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a patient is receiving too much insulin, the most likely result is hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. The excess insulin causes the blood glucose level to drop too low, leading to symptoms such as sweating, tremors, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures. The body responds to hypoglycemia by releasing counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, which work to increase the blood glucose level. This rebound effect, known as the Somogyi effect, can result in the patient experiencing high blood glucose levels after a period of insufficient glucose supply due to excessive insulin administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An abdominal ultrasound is the imaging test that uses a transducer and is most commonly ordered by physicians to detect gallstones. This non-invasive procedure allows the physician to visualize the gallbladder and detect any presence of gallstones. The transducer emits sound waves that bounce off the gallstones, creating images that can be seen on a screen. This imaging test is safe, reliable, and effective in diagnosing gallstones without the use of radiation or contrast dye.