ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 1 and 2 Questions
Question 1 of 9
The nurse is aware that the patients who are allergic to intravenous contrast media are usually also allergic to which of the following products?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shellfish allergy is a common indicator of potential hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media due to the shared allergen, iodine. Patients with shellfish allergies should be screened carefully before receiving contrast media. Allergies to eggs, soy, and acidic fruits are not directly related to contrast media reactions.
Question 2 of 9
A patient is in the intensive care unit because of an acute myocardial infarction. He is experiencing severe ventricular dysrhythmias. The nurse will prepare to give which drug of choice for this dysrhythmia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amiodarone is the drug of choice for treating severe ventricular dysrhythmias, such as those seen in patients with acute myocardial infarction. It is effective in treating both ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Amiodarone works by prolonging the action potential duration and refractory period in cardiac tissues, thereby helping to stabilize the heart's electrical activity. Diltiazem and Verapamil are calcium channel blockers that are not typically used for treating ventricular dysrhythmias. Adenosine is primarily used for treating supraventricular tachycardias.
Question 3 of 9
Concentrated solution of sugar in water
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A concentrated solution of sugar in water is known as a syrup. Syrup is commonly used in cooking and baking to add sweetness and moisture to various dishes. It is created by dissolving sugar in water over heat until a thick, sweet liquid is formed. Syrups are often used in beverages, desserts, and even as a sweetener for certain medications.
Question 4 of 9
What is the evaluation of medication e昀昀ectiveness of senna?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Senna is a natural laxative commonly used to relieve constipation. Its primary mechanism of action is to stimulate the muscles in the intestines, leading to increased contractions and bowel movements. The evaluation of medication effectiveness for senna would typically focus on its ability to promote bowel movements and alleviate constipation. This would manifest as patients experiencing solid, formed bowel movements after taking senna. The options of decreased GI pain and irritation, healing of ulcers, and prevention of nausea and vomiting are not the primary expected outcomes when evaluating the effectiveness of senna as a medication for constipation.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse practitioner has written a number of stat orders for drugs to treat a patient on the medical-surgical unit who has suffered an acute anaphylactic reaction with hives and bronchospasm during infusion of an IV antibiotic. Which priority drug would the nurse administer first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid action in reversing bronchospasm, vasodilation, and hypotension. It acts on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors to constrict blood vessels, relax bronchial smooth muscle, and increase cardiac output. Steroids (A) and diphenhydramine (D) are adjuncts to manage inflammation and histamine release but are not immediate lifesaving measures. Dopamine (B) is used for hypotension but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis.
Question 6 of 9
A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic has developed mucositis after receiving fluorouracil. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching about mucositis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mucositis, inflammation of the mucous membranes, is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Using alcohol-based mouthwash can exacerbate mucositis by causing further irritation and dryness. The patient should be taught to use gentle, non-alcoholic mouth rinses, such as saline or baking soda solutions, to soothe the mucosa. Ice pops, ice chips, and a soft toothbrush are appropriate measures to manage mucositis. The nurse should provide additional teaching to correct the misconception about alcohol-based mouthwash and emphasize the importance of gentle oral care.
Question 7 of 9
A patient is receiving an IV infusion of a thrombolytic drug during treatment for an acute MI. The nurse notices that there is a slight amount of bleeding from the antecubital area where venous lab work was drawn. What will the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this situation, the nurse's first priority should be to apply pressure to the site with a gauze pad. Bleeding from the antecubital area where venous lab work was drawn can be due to the effect of the thrombolytic drug, particularly in a patient who is already at risk for bleeding due to the acute MI. Applying pressure to the site will help control the bleeding and prevent any further complications. Once the bleeding is controlled, the nurse should monitor the site closely for any signs of increased bleeding or other complications. Slowing the rate of infusion or stopping the infusion of the thrombolytic drug may be considered depending on the severity of the bleeding and the patient's overall condition, but the immediate response should be to apply pressure to the site.
Question 8 of 9
Which patient-teaching instructions are appropriate for a patient taking an antidysrhythmic drug? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Do not chew or crush extended-release forms of medication. - This instruction is important to ensure the medication is delivered in a controlled manner over an extended period.
Question 9 of 9
Which of the following drugs has a therapeutic effect that increases cardiac output and slows heart rate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. Its therapeutic effect includes increasing cardiac output, which helps improve the function of the heart. Digoxin also has the ability to slow down the heart rate, making it particularly beneficial for patients with conditions like atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Therefore, among the options provided, Digoxin is the drug that has a therapeutic effect of increasing cardiac output and slowing heart rate.