ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is aware that the following solutions are routinely used to flush an IV device before and after the administration of blood to a patient is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.9 percent sodium chloride, also known as normal saline, is routinely used to flush an IV device before and after the administration of blood to a patient. Normal saline is isotonic, meaning it has a similar concentration of salt and water as the body's cells. This makes it compatible for use in various medical procedures, including flushing IV devices to ensure patency and prevent clotting. Other solutions like 5 percent dextrose in water, sterile water, and heparin sodium are not typically used for flushing IV devices before and after blood administration.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following drugs need not be avoided or only used at a reduced dose in renal failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal failure alters drug clearance, requiring dose adjustments or avoidance. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, is metabolized hepatically to prednisone, with minimal renal excretion, making it safe without adjustment in renal failure. Netilmicin, an aminoglycoside, is renally cleared, risking ototoxicity if not reduced. Metformin, cleared renally, risks lactic acidosis in renal impairment, often avoided. Methotrexate, renally excreted, accumulates in failure, causing toxicity (e.g., marrow suppression). Tinzaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, requires adjustment due to renal clearance. Prednisolone's hepatic handling makes it the exception, safe for use in renal dysfunction without modification.
Question 3 of 5
A 23-year-old man is a driver who is involved in a motor vehicle accident. He is found to have a blood alcohol level of 850 mg/dL. Because of the way the body handles ethanol, the conventional 'half-life' to describe its metabolism does not apply. Which of the following drugs at therapeutic concentrations exhibits the same property?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethanol's zero-order metabolism (constant rate) differs from first-order half-life kinetics. Phenytoin shares this-saturating hepatic enzymes at therapeutic levels, making it correct. Ibuprofen , Simvastatin , Tolbutamide , and Valproic acid (E) follow first-order kinetics. Phenytoin's saturation mimics ethanol's fixed clearance, relevant to toxicology.
Question 4 of 5
Group of drugs which acts on amixed group of receptors:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mixed agonist-antagonist drugs exhibit both agonistic and antagonistic properties at different receptor sites. These drugs can act as agonists at certain receptors while acting as antagonists at other receptors. This classification of drugs is distinct from pure agonists, pure antagonists, or partial agonists, as mixed agonist-antagonist drugs have a more complex mechanism of action. An example of a mixed agonist-antagonist drug is buprenorphine, which acts as a partial agonist at the mu opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kappa opioid receptor.
Question 5 of 5
Which class of targeted therapy would cause the nurse the most concern in regard to a possible infusion reaction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab and rituximab, are more likely to cause infusion reactions compared to other classes of targeted therapy. These reactions can range from mild symptoms like fever and chills to severe anaphylaxis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors are less commonly associated with infusion reactions. The nurse should closely monitor patients receiving monoclonal antibodies during infusion and be prepared to manage any adverse reactions promptly.