The nurse is aware that multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease affecting the central nervous system. Step 2: Axon degeneration occurs in MS, leading to impaired nerve signal transmission. Step 3: MS is characterized by sclerosed patches, or plaques, in the nervous system. Step 4: Demyelination of the brain and spinal cord is a hallmark feature of MS. Step 5: Therefore, all of the above choices are correct as they accurately describe key features of MS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drug Compliance. After a CVA (stroke), it is crucial for Mr. Dela Isla to understand and adhere to his prescribed medications. Medications help prevent further strokes and manage underlying conditions. Drug compliance ensures optimal treatment outcomes. Emergency Numbers (A) are important but not the priority post-stroke. Relaxation techniques (B) may be helpful but not as critical as medication adherence. Dietary prescription (D) is important but not as urgent as drug compliance in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours after a lumbar puncture to prevent complications like post-lumbar puncture headache. Lying flat helps maintain CSF pressure and reduce the risk of leakage. B: Keeping the patient from eating or drinking for 4 hours is not necessary after a lumbar puncture. C: Monitoring pedal pulses q4h is irrelevant to post-lumbar puncture care. D: Keeping the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 24 hours is not recommended after a lumbar puncture as it may increase the risk of complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Apply insect repellent to clothing and exposed skin. This advice helps prevent insect bites, reducing the risk of recurrence. Insect repellent creates a barrier against insects, hence minimizing the chances of getting bitten. Other choices are incorrect as they do not directly address the prevention of insect bites. Choice A is vague and does not provide a specific preventive measure. Choice C is incorrect as thick woollen clothing may not necessarily prevent insect bites. Choice D, sunscreen lotion, protects against UV rays, not insect bites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbogen is a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Inhaling carbogen can stimulate respiration due to increased oxygen levels and carbon dioxide acting as a respiratory stimulant. It can also dilate blood vessels, enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues. Additionally, carbogen can help dislodge blood clots by improving blood flow and oxygenation. Therefore, all the choices (A, B, and C) are correct as inhaling carbogen can have multiple beneficial effects on respiration, blood vessels, and blood clot dislodging.