ATI RN
Test Bank Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is aware that efficient absorption of calcium is assisted by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium absorption in the small intestine relies heavily on vitamin D, which enhances the process by increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins and improving gut uptake efficiency. Without adequate vitamin D, calcium absorption drops significantly, leading to potential bone health issues like osteoporosis or osteomalacia. Intrinsic factor, produced in the stomach, is critical for vitamin B12 absorption, not calcium, as it binds B12 for uptake in the ileum. Coenzymes, while involved in metabolic reactions, don't directly facilitate calcium absorption; their role is broader and unrelated to this specific process. Phosphorus, an abundant mineral, works with calcium in bone formation but doesn't enhance its absorption-in fact, excessive phosphorus can compete with calcium. Vitamin D's active form, calcitriol, regulates calcium levels by promoting its transport across intestinal cells, making it indispensable for maintaining skeletal integrity. This mechanism underscores why vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium utilization, distinguishing it from the other options, which lack a direct link to absorption efficiency.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse will administer medication to a school-age child. What is the preferred action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: School-age kids (6-12) can understand drug purpose and side effects-e.g., 'This fights infection, you might feel sleepy'-fostering cooperation via cognitive growth. Threats like no recess breed resentment, not trust. Beverage choice helps but lacks education. Play delays, not enhances, administration. Teaching leverages development, improving adherence.
Question 3 of 5
A patient was prescribed sertraline (Zoloft) for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The patient's spouse calls the clinic and reports the patient is increasingly moody and seems 'disconnected with life.' What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Worsening mood and disconnection on sertraline signal risk-e.g., suicidal ideation, per SSRI warnings-needing urgent clinic assessment. Benadryl is inappropriate-sedation won't fix. Holding meds risks withdrawal. Doubling dose escalates danger. Immediate evaluation ensures safety, per protocol.
Question 4 of 5
A 22-year-old female accounting student requires a daily cup of coffee upon arising and another cup as she finishes her first class of the day. She prefers to drink caffeinated products. Which of the following is the most plausible mechanism of action of this product?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caffeine's stimulant effect in coffee relies on adenosine receptor blockade . By inhibiting adenosine's sedative action, caffeine increases alertness, fitting her routine. Option , decreasing cAMP, contradicts caffeine's phosphodiesterase inhibition, which raises cAMP. Option , decreasing cGMP, is unrelated. Option , stimulating phosphodiesterase, opposes caffeine's action. Option (E), calcium transport, isn't primary. Adenosine antagonism drives caffeine's wakefulness, supporting her daily use to combat fatigue during study.
Question 5 of 5
A 22-year-old man with seasonal allergic rhinitis takes an antihistamine for relief of symptoms. It is successful for him over 90% of the time. Histamine is a natural amine formed by the decarboxylation of which of the following amino acids?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Histamine, key in allergies, is derived from histidine via decarboxylation. L-arginine , Lysine , and Tyrosine (E) form other amines. Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan. Histidine's conversion drives allergic responses, blocked by antihistamines.