The nurse is auscultating the fetal heart rate (FHR) on a patient at 37 weeks’ gestation. The nurse notes a line of darkened pigmentation on the pregnant person’s abdomen starting at the symphysis pubis and ending at the sternum. How does the nurse document this finding?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: linea nigra. The linea nigra is a darkened pigmented line that runs from the symphysis pubis to the sternum in pregnant individuals. This line is a normal finding in pregnancy due to hormonal changes. It is important for the nurse to document this finding accurately as it is a common physiological change. Rationale: 1. Cholasma (A) is also known as the mask of pregnancy, presenting as dark patches on the face. 2. Spider nevi (C) are small, dilated blood vessels on the skin, not related to the linea nigra. 3. Striae gravidarum (D) are stretch marks that occur due to rapid stretching of the skin during pregnancy, not related to the pigmented line. In summary, the correct answer is B because the darkened line described is characteristic of linea nigra, a common finding in pregnancy, while the other choices are unrelated to this specific observation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: avoid dairy products. This is because dairy products can exacerbate nausea in some pregnant individuals due to their high fat content. Avoiding dairy products can help reduce nausea symptoms. Rationale: 1. Avoiding dairy products: High fat content in dairy products can trigger nausea in some pregnant individuals. 2. Avoid strong odors: While strong odors can trigger nausea, it is not a specific relief measure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. 3. Drink fluids between meals: Staying hydrated is important, but drinking fluids between meals is not a specific relief measure for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. 4. Drink sweet fluids: While some pregnant individuals find relief from nausea by consuming sweet fluids, it is not a universal recommendation and may not work for everyone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because teratogens, substances that can harm the developing fetus, can have negative effects on the baby at any point during pregnancy, not just in the first trimester. The nurse's response should educate the pregnant person about the ongoing risks and the importance of avoiding harmful substances throughout pregnancy. Option B is incorrect because an ultrasound is not used to assess the risk of teratogens. Option C is incorrect as it provides incorrect information that the risk is past, which is not true. Option D is incorrect as it is judgmental and does not address the pregnant person's misconception about the risks throughout pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because infants born at 25 weeks' gestation have a poor survival rate due to insufficient numbers of fetal lung alveoli. This leads to respiratory distress and difficulty in oxygen exchange, impacting their chances of survival. Choice A is incorrect as cardiac development is not the primary factor affecting survival. Choice C is incorrect as gastrointestinal development does not directly impact survival at this stage. Choice D is incorrect as the sucking reflex is not a critical factor in survival compared to respiratory function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: neonatal intensive care. This is because during a home birth, neonatal intensive care is not provided as it requires specialized medical equipment and expertise typically only available in hospitals. Labor support (A) and trained birth attendant (B) are essential for home births. Breastfeeding assistance (D) may be provided post-birth but is not a defining feature of care during a home birth.