The nurse is assisting a newborn's primary care provider with the performance of a circumcision. Which intervention is used to manage the neonate's pain?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because offering a sucrose-dipped pacifier during the nerve block procedure can help manage the newborn's pain by providing comfort and distraction through the sweet taste and sucking motion. Sucrose has been shown to have analgesic effects in newborns. Choice A is incorrect as a tourniquet is not recommended for circumcision. Choice B may help with calming but not specifically with pain management. Choice D is incorrect as numbing with ice before the nerve block may not be effective in providing adequate pain relief during the procedure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because avoiding bottles helps maintain the baby's preference for breastfeeding, leading to a higher likelihood of continuing beyond 6 months. Using formula for every other feeding (choice B) introduces a different feeding method, potentially reducing breastfeeding duration. Offering water or formula after breastfeeding (choice C) can reduce the baby's interest in breastfeeding exclusively. A satisfied baby for 4 hours after feeding (choice D) does not necessarily indicate a longer breastfeeding duration as other factors like feeding frequency play a role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (100 to 110 kcal/kg). Full-term formula-fed infants need around 100 to 110 kcal/kg per day for optimal growth and development. This amount is tailored to meet their energy requirements and support proper weight gain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they either fall below or exceed the recommended range for infants. Option A (50 to 75 kcal/kg) is too low, which may lead to inadequate energy intake. Option C (120 to 140 kcal/kg) and Option D (150 to 200 kcal/kg) are too high, potentially causing excessive weight gain or metabolic issues. Therefore, option B is the most suitable and balanced choice for meeting the energy needs of formula-fed infants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding is crucial to understand her current understanding and skill level. By doing so, the tutor can identify any misconceptions or gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. This step lays the foundation for providing tailored education and support to the mother. Choice B is incorrect because providing instruction on the composition of breast milk is informative but not the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother. Choice C is incorrect as discussing hormonal changes is important but not the initial step. Choice D is incorrect because helping the mother obtain a comfortable position and placing the infant to the breast should come after assessing her knowledge to ensure effective nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because frequent and adequate breastfeeding helps prevent breast engorgement by ensuring proper milk flow and emptying of the breasts. This stimulates milk production and prevents blockages. Choice A is incorrect as spacing out feedings can lead to engorgement. Choice B is incorrect as hydration is important for milk production. Choice C is incorrect as cold packs can reduce milk flow and hinder breastfeeding. In summary, frequent and effective breastfeeding is crucial in preventing breast engorgement.