The nurse is assigned to a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When handling the client’s blood and body fluids, the nurse uses standard precautions, which include:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Standard precautions include wearing gloves when there is a potential for contact with blood or body fluids. Emptying a bedpan involves contact with bodily fluids, thus gloves are necessary to prevent exposure to pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because wearing a gown and protective eyewear is not necessary for obtaining a urine specimen via catheterization unless there is a risk of splashing or spraying of fluids. Choice C is incorrect as needles should always be disposed of in a proper sharps container with the cap secured to prevent accidental needlestick injuries. Choice D is incorrect because applying eyedrops does not involve contact with blood or body fluids, so wearing gloves is not necessary according to standard precautions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium. Calcium is necessary for the chemical clotting process because it plays a crucial role in the activation of various clotting factors, leading to the formation of a blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the clotting cascade would not be able to proceed effectively. Iron (choice A) is essential for red blood cell production, not clotting. Potassium (choice B) and Sodium (choice C) are important for various physiological functions but are not directly involved in the clotting process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because using an electric razor instead of a safety razor demonstrates understanding of the risk of injury associated with thrombocytopenia. This action shows practical application of the teaching to prevent bleeding. Choice A only indicates awareness but not necessarily action. Choice B shows knowledge but not necessarily application. Choice D is related to general healthcare knowledge but not directly linked to bleeding prevention in thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an ELISA test for antibodies is crucial to detect HIV infection early. This test can help diagnose HIV before symptoms appear, allowing for early intervention and treatment. Choice A is important but not specific to HIV prevention. Choice B is irrelevant for HIV prevention. Choice D, while important, should not take precedence over getting tested for HIV.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Corticosteroid therapy. In multiple myeloma, corticosteroids are commonly used to help reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system, and slow the growth of cancer cells. This treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for the client. A: Bed rest is not typically prescribed for multiple myeloma unless there are specific complications requiring immobilization. B: Fluid restriction is not a common treatment for multiple myeloma unless there is a specific need to manage fluid balance. D: Calcium replacement therapy may be necessary in some cases of multiple myeloma due to bone involvement, but it is not a primary treatment option compared to corticosteroid therapy in managing the disease.