ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with a new arteriovenous fistula, but does not hear a bruit or
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: notify the provider immediately. A bruit is a normal sound heard over an arteriovenous fistula, indicating proper blood flow. The absence of a bruit may suggest a clot or blockage, which can lead to serious complications. Notifying the provider promptly allows for timely intervention to prevent further issues. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not address the potential seriousness of the situation. Choice C is incorrect as raising the arm may temporarily change blood flow but does not address the underlying cause of the absent bruit.
Question 2 of 5
The patient is in the critical care unit and will receive dialysis this morning. The nurse will (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1. Evaluating morning lab results is essential before dialysis to ensure patient safety. 2. Abnormal lab values can impact dialysis treatment and require immediate intervention. 3. Reporting abnormal results promptly allows for timely adjustments in the dialysis plan. 4. Administering antihypertensive meds, assessing dialysis access, and weighing the patient are not directly related to preparing for dialysis. 5. Administering antihypertensive meds without lab evaluation can be risky due to potential electrolyte imbalances.
Question 3 of 5
What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. ECF osmolarity regulation prevents fluid shifts between cells and extracellular fluid. 2. Maintaining osmotic balance is crucial for cellular function and preventing cell damage. 3. Imbalances can lead to dehydration or edema. 4. Other choices are incorrect because: A. Blood pressure regulation involves various mechanisms beyond osmolarity. B. Urine concentration is regulated by the kidneys, not ECF osmolarity. C. Na+ balance primarily affects cell excitability, not ECF osmolarity.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, carbonic acid generated from metabolically produced CO2. This is because carbonic acid is a major source of hydrogen ions in the body through the dissociation of CO2 in the blood, contributing to the regulation of blood pH. Option A is incorrect as phosphoric and sulfuric acids from dietary proteins are not major contributors to hydrogen ions. Option B is incorrect as lactic acid production by muscles does not significantly impact overall body pH. Option C is incorrect as natural acids found in foods, such as citric acid, do not play a major role in hydrogen ion production within the body.
Question 5 of 5
Recognizing the prevalence and incidence of dehydration among older adults, a care aide at a long-term care facility is in the habit of encouraging residents to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which of the following facts underlies the care aide's advice?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when their serum sodium levels are high. This means that they may not feel thirsty even when they are dehydrated, leading to a higher risk of dehydration. This fact underscores the importance of encouraging older adults to drink fluids regularly, even if they don't feel thirsty. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on metabolic needs rather than the sensation of thirst. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains to kidney function rather than the sensation of thirst. Choice D is incorrect as it discusses the RAAS system's role in sodium clearance, which is not directly related to the sensation of thirst in older adults.