The nurse is assessing a patient who frequently coughs after eating or drinking. How should the nurse best follow up this assessment finding?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a swallowing assessment. This is the best follow-up because coughing after eating or drinking can be a sign of dysphagia, a swallowing disorder. By performing a swallowing assessment, the nurse can identify any issues with the patient's ability to swallow safely, which can lead to aspiration and respiratory complications. Obtaining a sputum sample (A) may not provide relevant information in this context. Inspecting the patient's tongue and mouth (C) may not directly address the coughing after eating. Assessing the patient's nutritional status (D) is important but may not address the immediate issue of coughing after eating or drinking.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The nasal conchae increase surface area, causing air turbulence to warm, moisten, and filter inhaled air. This helps in preventing respiratory issues. Choice A is correct as it explains the primary function of the conchae. Choice B is incorrect as the primary function is not filtering. Choice C is incorrect as the conchae primarily warm and moisten inhaled air rather than recapture moisture from exhaled air. Overall, choice D is correct as it encompasses all the functions of the nasal conchae.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: PN2 of the alveoli. The rate of external respiration is primarily influenced by the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli, as it drives oxygen diffusion into the blood. PCO2 affects the removal of carbon dioxide. The thickness of the respiratory membrane impacts gas exchange efficiency. However, PN2 does not significantly impact gas exchange in the lungs, as nitrogen (N2) is inert and does not participate in gas exchange. Thus, PN2 of the alveoli does not affect the rate of external respiration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bohr effect. This effect describes how pH affects hemoglobin saturation. When pH decreases (becomes more acidic), hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases, promoting oxygen unloading in tissues. This is due to the protonation of histidine residues in hemoglobin, altering its structure. The other choices are incorrect because the Bainbridge reflex is related to heart rate regulation in response to changes in blood volume, the pulmonary reflex relates to the regulation of breathing in response to changes in blood oxygen levels, and the respiratory effect is a general term that does not specifically describe the pH effect on hemoglobin saturation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: stop smoking. Smoking can damage the lungs and reduce respiratory function. By quitting smoking, lung health can improve, leading to better respiratory performance with age. Eating smaller meals, sleeping longer, and maintaining normal glucose levels do not directly impact respiratory performance. Smoking cessation is the most effective way to improve lung function and overall respiratory health.