The nurse is assessing a patient admitted with renal

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the patient's renal function parameters such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine output are essential in determining the status of the kidneys. These parameters help the nurse evaluate renal function, assess for renal impairment, and monitor for any complications related to renal stones. Option A is incorrect as providing privacy is important but not a priority in this situation. Option C and D are incorrect as they do not address the specific parameters related to renal function assessment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urinary tract infection. In patients with urethral obstruction, the presence of substances in the urine such as bacteria, leukocytes, and nitrites indicates a high likelihood of urinary tract infection. The obstruction can lead to stasis of urine, providing an ideal environment for bacterial growth. This increases the risk of infection spreading to the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis or sepsis. Therefore, the nurse should be vigilant in monitoring for signs of infection and promptly initiate appropriate treatment to prevent complications. Summary: B: Potassium and sodium - While electrolyte imbalance can occur in renal dysfunction, it is not directly related to urethral obstruction or suggestive of a urinary tract infection. C: Enuresis - Enuresis refers to involuntary urination, which is not directly related to the presence of substances in the urine or indicative of urinary tract infection. D: Bicarbonate and urea - While these substances are relevant in assessing renal function, their

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because excessive losses of the kidneys can lead to metabolic acidosis due to bicarbonate loss. Bicarbonate is essential for maintaining acid-base balance in the body. Replacement of lost bicarbonate is crucial to prevent acidosis. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are not connected to the common bile duct. Choices C and D are not applicable to the scenario provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Define hernia as a condition where an organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Step 2: Emphasize the relevance to the patient's situation. Step 3: Clarify that an inguinal hernia specifically involves the intestines protruding through the inguinal canal in the groin area. Step 4: Explain that surgery may be needed to repair the hernia. Step 5: Stress the importance of seeking medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment. Summary: A: Incorrect - Dismissing the patient's concerns is not appropriate. B: Incorrect - Hernias are not typically related to prenatal growth abnormalities. C: Incorrect - The nurse can provide basic information about hernias without needing the physician to explain further.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Varicocele. Varicocele is a dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins within the scrotum. In this case, the soft, irregular mass that collapses when the patient is supine and refills when he is upright is characteristic of a varicocele due to the pooling of blood causing the mass to vary in size with position changes. A: Epididymitis typically presents with redness, warmth, and tenderness in the epididymis, not a soft, irregular mass. B: Spermatocele is a cystic mass that is typically painless and does not change in size with position changes. C: Testicular torsion presents with severe, sudden onset of testicular pain, swelling, and discoloration, not a soft, irregular mass that changes with position. In summary, the description of a soft, irregular mass that changes with position is consistent with a varicocele,