The nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. After assigning the first Apgar score of 9, the nurse notes two vessels in the umbilical cord. What is the nurse’s next action?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nurse should assess for other abnormalities of the infant because the presence of two vessels in the umbilical cord (a condition known as a two-vessel cord) may be associated with other congenital anomalies. By assessing for other abnormalities, the nurse can identify any potential issues that may require immediate intervention or further evaluation. This proactive approach ensures the newborn's well-being and allows for timely management of any additional concerns. Summary of other choices: B: Noting the finding in the chart is important but does not address the immediate need to assess for other abnormalities. C: Notifying the health care provider is important, but assessing for other abnormalities should be the nurse's initial priority. D: Calling for the neonatal resuscitation team is not necessary based solely on the presence of a two-vessel cord; further assessment is needed before determining the need for resuscitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it respects the couple's decision-making autonomy. The nurse should support their choice to continue the pregnancy without suggesting termination. Providing information, emotional support, and connecting them with a support group are appropriate actions. It is crucial to respect the couple's decision and provide compassionate care regardless of their choice. The other choices are incorrect because they may undermine the couple's autonomy and may not be aligned with their wishes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice D being correct: 1. Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen are essential nutrients for fetal growth. 2. These nutrients pass through the placenta from the mother's blood to the baby's blood. 3. This exchange occurs via diffusion and active transport processes. 4. The placenta acts as a barrier, filtering out harmful substances like waste products and CO2. 5. This process ensures the baby receives necessary nutrients for development. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Fetal waste products and CO2 pass from the baby to the mother, not the other way around. B: The placenta facilitates nutrient and oxygen exchange but does not create them. C: The mother's and baby's blood do not mix; exchange of nutrients occurs through the placental barrier.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because hot flashes and mood swings can indicate hormonal imbalances, which are common causes of infertility. This symptom suggests potential issues with ovulation or other reproductive system functions. Choice A is irrelevant to infertility. Choice B, age alone does not indicate infertility. Choice D, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease can cause infertility, but symptoms indicating current hormonal imbalances are of more immediate concern.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: progesterone. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. Prolactin (A) is a hormone mainly involved in milk production. Luteinizing hormone (C) triggers ovulation and the release of the egg from the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles. The key is understanding the physiological processes post-ovulation and the role of progesterone in these processes.