The nurse is assessing a client for moral development. What statement by the client indicates the client is in the preconventional stage?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects the preconventional stage of moral development where individuals are focused on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. In this stage, people adhere to rules to avoid negative consequences. A: This statement indicates adherence to rules to avoid negative consequences, which aligns with the preconventional stage. B: This statement shows empathy and understanding of others' struggles, indicating a higher level of moral development. C: This statement suggests a questioning of societal rules based on fairness, indicating a move towards the conventional stage. D: This statement emphasizes societal rules for safety and civility, showing a higher level of moral reasoning beyond the preconventional stage. In summary, choice A is correct because it aligns with the characteristics of the preconventional stage, while choices B, C, and D reflect higher stages of moral development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because referring clients for aftercare services like day treatment programs can provide ongoing support and resources for managing severe or chronic mental illness, aiming to reduce residual defects. This intervention helps individuals access specialized care and therapies that target their specific needs, promoting recovery and minimizing long-term consequences. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on providing care after assessing symptoms, which may not necessarily address residual defects associated with severe or chronic mental illness. Choice C is incorrect as it targets a different population and goal unrelated to reducing residual defects in severe mental illness. Choice D is incorrect as teaching mental health concepts to groups in the community may raise awareness but does not directly address reducing residual defects in severe or chronic mental illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The nurse expresses a sense of discomfort and limits behaviors. This is the appropriate intervention because it establishes clear boundaries and communicates the nurse's discomfort while maintaining a therapeutic relationship. By expressing discomfort and setting limits, the nurse asserts their personal space and ensures a safe environment for both parties. Choice A is incorrect because ignoring the behavior doesn't address the issue and may compromise the nurse's well-being. Choice C is incorrect as it passively accepts the invasion of personal space without addressing the discomfort. Choice D is incorrect as it immediately escalates the situation to a confrontational level, which may not be necessary at this stage and could harm the therapeutic relationship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Peplau's interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of nurse-patient relationships and therapeutic communication. Using assertive communication helps build trust, address the patient's needs, and promote a therapeutic relationship. Rewarding desired behaviors (A) is behaviorist in nature and does not address the underlying emotional issues. Changing the patient's self-concept (C) is a long-term process that may not be appropriate for immediate care. Administering medications (D) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying emotional issues or promote therapeutic communication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN). This is because QSEN is an initiative that focuses on improving the quality and safety of healthcare by providing education and resources for nurses. It aims to prepare nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to enhance patient outcomes and reduce medical errors. Choice A is incorrect because it does not accurately represent the purpose of QSEN. Choice C is incorrect as it does not mention the focus on safety and quality in nursing care. Choice D is incorrect as it does not capture the comprehensive nature of the QSEN initiative.