The nurse is assessing a client at 36 weeks' gestation who reports swelling in the hands and face. What is the priority nursing action?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal newborn assessment, the priority nursing action when assessing a client at 36 weeks' gestation who reports swelling in the hands and face is to check the client's blood pressure (Option A). This is crucial because sudden or severe swelling can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine that can lead to harmful complications for both the mother and the baby. Monitoring blood pressure allows for early detection and timely intervention to prevent adverse outcomes. Option B, reassuring the client that swelling is normal, is incorrect as it overlooks the potential seriousness of the situation and fails to address the need for further assessment. Option C, encouraging the client to reduce salt intake, while generally good advice for swelling, is not the priority in this scenario where preeclampsia needs to be ruled out. Option D, evaluating the fetal heart rate, is important but not the most immediate concern when potential preeclampsia is present. In the educational context, understanding the significance of assessing for signs of preeclampsia during pregnancy is essential for providing safe and effective care to expectant mothers. Nurses need to prioritize actions that address potential complications promptly to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. This scenario highlights the importance of thorough assessment and critical thinking in maternity care, where quick decision-making can impact outcomes significantly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diarrhea can reduce the absorption of oral contraceptives, potentially making them less effective. Choice A is incorrect because food does not always affect oral contraceptive absorption. Choice C is incorrect because there is no need to stop the contraceptives, but additional methods may be recommended during diarrhea. Choice D is incorrect because diarrhea does not increase the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The advantage of the cervical cap over the diaphragm is that it typically has a lower failure rate in preventing pregnancy. Failure rates for contraceptive methods refer to the percentage of women who become pregnant within the first year of typical use. The cervical cap is generally associated with a lower failure rate compared to the diaphragm due to its snugger fit and ability to cover the cervix more effectively, resulting in better protection against sperm entering the uterus. This makes the cervical cap a more reliable option for women seeking effective contraception.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The important information provided regarding female sterilization is that tubal ligation, which is a form of female sterilization, is generally considered irreversible. This means that it is a permanent method of contraception and should not be relied upon as a temporary solution. It is important for individuals considering this procedure to understand that it is meant to be permanent and should be approached as such. If there is any consideration for future fertility, alternative contraceptive options should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "will check my heart rate every 15 minutes during exercise sessions," indicates an understanding of exercise safety during pregnancy. Monitoring heart rate is crucial to ensure that the client is not overexerting themselves, which can be harmful during pregnancy. By checking their heart rate regularly, the client can adjust the intensity of their exercise to maintain a safe level. Option A is incorrect because limiting time in a hot tub after exercise is not a recommended safety practice during pregnancy. Hot tubs can raise body temperature to potentially harmful levels for the fetus. Option B is incorrect as consuming three 8-ounce glasses of water after exercise may not be sufficient for adequate hydration during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals generally need more water to stay hydrated, especially after exercising. Option D is incorrect because limiting exercise sessions to 30 minutes based on humid weather conditions is not a standard guideline for exercising during pregnancy. The focus should be on monitoring intensity and staying properly hydrated and not solely on the duration of exercise sessions. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of safe exercise practices during pregnancy, highlighting the need for monitoring heart rate as a key indicator of exertion levels. It reinforces the idea that pregnant individuals should be well-informed about exercise safety guidelines to promote both their own health and that of the developing fetus.