ATI RN
Current Issues in Maternal Newborn Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is assessing a 25-year-old female patient when the patient becomes tearful. The patient states that she has thin milky discharge from her nipples and two small masses on her left breast. She has lost over 40 pounds in the past year due to intensive exercises and finds that she needs to wear a sports bra during her sessions. The patient states that she is afraid that she will become the first member of her family to have breast cancer. Besides a negative mammogram, what other symptoms would correlate with this being a benign finding? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Milky discharge from nipples. Milky discharge from nipples in a young female with no other concerning symptoms can be indicative of benign conditions such as hormonal imbalances or medication side effects. In this case, the patient's age, weight loss due to exercise, and negative mammogram are all factors that suggest a low likelihood of breast cancer. Extensive weight loss (choice B) is likely attributed to the intensive exercises mentioned and not directly correlated with breast cancer. Painful masses (choice C) could indicate an inflammatory or infection process but are not necessarily indicative of malignancy. Mood swings (choice D) are unrelated to the breast symptomatology described.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with VVC. What treatment does the nurse expect to teach the patient about?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clotrimazole (antifungal). VVC stands for vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is a fungal infection. Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat VVC by inhibiting the growth of the fungus. Metronidazole (choice A) is an anti-protozoal agent used for parasitic infections, not fungal infections. Penicillin G (choice B) and ampicillin (choice D) are both antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, not fungal infections like VVC. Therefore, the nurse would expect to teach the patient about using clotrimazole to treat VVC.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. In pyelonephritis, bacteria typically ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. E. coli is the most common cause due to its prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract and ability to cause urinary tract infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are more commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections, not pyelonephritis. Candida albicans is a fungal infection and is not a common cause of pyelonephritis.
Question 4 of 5
What is a risk factor for breast cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day. Alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Alcohol can raise estrogen levels in the body, thereby increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. Menarche at age 15 (choice A) is not a risk factor as early menarche is associated with a slightly decreased risk. Family history of diabetes (choice B) and history of three vaginal births by age 25 (choice D) are not directly linked to breast cancer risk.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse would advise the patient to report what symptom immediately during a PD-1 (checkpoint inhibitor) infusion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: dizziness. Dizziness during a PD-1 infusion can indicate a potential serious adverse reaction, such as immune-related neurological toxicity. Prompt reporting is crucial to prevent complications. Nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea are common side effects of PD-1 inhibitors but are typically not considered immediate concerns for infusion reactions. Reporting dizziness ensures timely assessment and intervention to manage any severe adverse effects.