The nurse is admitting a 72-year-old patient from the health care provider's office to the medical/surgical unit. The patient was alert until recently and has

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the manifestations described in the answer choice are indicative of potential complications in the patient's health status. Elevated pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure suggest physiological stress. Distended neck veins may indicate fluid overload or heart failure. Pale, cool skin can imply poor perfusion. Weight loss could suggest malnutrition. Bilateral rhonchi indicate respiratory issues. Increased heart rate and weak, thready pulse may indicate inadequate cardiac output. Hyperactive bowel sounds could indicate gastrointestinal distress. Deep respirations may suggest metabolic acidosis. Pitting edema of lower extremities may indicate fluid retention or heart failure. Therefore, option B encompasses a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition, reflecting potential underlying issues that need to be addressed. Other choices do not provide a comprehensive assessment or do not address the patient's current health status.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 60 percent. Water makes up about 60% of the human body, serving essential functions like regulating temperature, transporting nutrients, and removing waste. This percentage varies slightly based on factors like age and gender but generally remains around 60%. Choice A (10%) is too low; the body needs more water to function properly. Choice B (20%) is also too low, as it underestimates the significant role of water in the body. Choice C (40%) is closer but still underestimates the actual percentage of water in the body. Ultimately, D (60%) is the most accurate representation of the average water content in the human body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: plasma. Plasma is the fluid component of blood, containing water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. It constitutes about 55% of blood volume. Interstitial fluid (B) is found between cells, not in the blood. Extracellular fluid (C) includes both plasma and interstitial fluid. Lymph (D) is a clear fluid derived from interstitial fluid that flows in lymphatic vessels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid is found in the peritoneal cavity, which surrounds the intestines. It provides lubrication and protection for the intestines during movement and digestion. The other choices, B: pericardial fluid, C: intrapleural fluid, and D: synovial fluid, are associated with different body cavities and functions unrelated to the intestines. Pericardial fluid is found in the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart, intrapleural fluid is found in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, and synovial fluid is found in joints for lubrication and cushioning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary anion of the intracellular fluid (ICF) is the phosphate ion (C). Phosphate ions play a crucial role in various cellular processes such as energy production (ATP), DNA/RNA synthesis, and buffering intracellular pH. Bicarbonate ion (A) is mainly found in the extracellular fluid, while chloride ion (B) is the major anion in the extracellular fluid. Anionic proteins (D) are not typically considered the primary anion of the ICF. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it best reflects the major anion present in the intracellular fluid.