The nurse is administering Lithium to her patient. The nurse knows that Lithium is used to treat which of the following disorders?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lithium is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterized by mood swings that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Lithium helps stabilize these mood swings by altering the levels of certain chemicals in the brain. It is not used to treat hypertension, nausea, or thyroid disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, which means it blocks the stimulation of both beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors. By blocking beta1 receptors in the heart, propranolol reduces heart rate and contractility, helping to lower blood pressure and decrease the heart's workload. Blocking beta2 receptors in the lungs may cause some constriction of the airways, so caution is required in patients with respiratory conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). They work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels. By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors help dilate blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. This makes ACE inhibitors an effective therapeutic option for managing hypertension and its associated complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The official name of a drug used in the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) is the generic name. The generic name is the non-proprietary name of a drug, which is based on its chemical structure. It is important to distinguish the generic name from other types of names like the brand name (specific name given by the manufacturer) or proprietary name (registered trademark name owned by a pharmaceutical company). In the USP-NF, the generic name is used to refer to the drug in a standardized and universally recognized manner. This helps ensure clarity and consistency in the identification and communication of drug information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: One of the most common components added to local anesthetic solutions to reduce the systemic uptake of the anesthetic agent is a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors, such as epinephrine, work by causing constriction of blood vessels at the site of injection. This constriction reduces blood flow to the area, which in turn reduces the systemic absorption of the anesthetic agent. By limiting systemic absorption, vasoconstrictors can help to prolong the duration of local anesthesia and minimize potential side effects associated with high systemic levels of the anesthetic agent, such as cardiovascular effects.