The nurse is administering folic acid to a patient with a new diagnosis of anemia. Which statement about treatment with folic acid is true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because determining the specific cause of anemia is crucial before starting treatment with folic acid. Folic acid is not used to treat all types of anemia (A), as different types require different treatments. Folic acid is specifically used to treat folate deficiency anemia, not iron-deficiency anemia (B) or pernicious anemia (C). Pernicious anemia is treated with vitamin B12, not folic acid. Therefore, the nurse must identify the underlying cause of anemia to ensure the appropriate treatment is provided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Incorrect. Local anesthetics are not metabolized at the site of administration but rather at systemic sites like plasma or liver. B: Correct. Local anesthetics are metabolized in the plasma or liver, not at the administration site. C: Incorrect. Ester anesthetics like procaine are metabolized by pseudocholinesterase in the plasma, not systemically. D: Incorrect. Amides like lidocaine are metabolized in the liver by microsomal mixed function oxidases, not at the administration site. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as local anesthetics are not metabolized at the site of administration but rather at systemic sites like plasma or liver. Choices B, C, and D provide accurate information about the metabolism of local anesthetics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pralidoxime, as it is a cholinesterase reactivator used to treat organophosphate poisoning by reactivating inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Edrophonium (B) is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for diagnostic purposes. Pilocarpine (C) is a muscarinic agonist used to treat glaucoma and dry mouth. Isoflurophate (D) is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide. Therefore, Pralidoxime is the only cholinesterase activator among the options provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hexamethonium is a ganglionic blocker that inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, leading to reduced peripheral vascular resistance and venous return (Choice A), partial mydriasis and loss of accommodation (Choice B), and constipation and urinary retention (Choice C). Stimulation of thermoregulatory sweating is not a systemic effect of hexamethonium, making Choice D incorrect. Hexamethonium does not affect the thermoregulatory sweating mechanism in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Norepinephrine is a direct-acting sympathomimetic that stimulates alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 receptors. 2. Activation of alpha1 receptors causes vasoconstriction. 3. Activation of alpha2 receptors inhibits norepinephrine release. 4. Activation of beta1 receptors increases heart rate and contractility. Summary: A. Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta agonist. B. Ephedrine acts mainly by releasing norepinephrine. C. Dobutamine is a beta1-selective agonist. D. Norepinephrine is the correct choice as it stimulates alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 receptors.