The nurse is administering an intramuscular injection to a 5-year- old child. Choose the correct site the nurse will use.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deltoid muscle. For a 5-year-old child, the deltoid muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections due to adequate muscle mass and development. It is a safe and common site for administering vaccines and other medications. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Ventral forearm: Not a recommended site for intramuscular injections in children due to lack of muscle mass. B: Dorsogluteal: Not recommended for children due to proximity to major nerves and blood vessels. D: Ventrogluteal: Not typically used in pediatric patients as it requires the child to be in a prone position, which may not be practical.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Conjugation. Phase I drug metabolizing processes involve functionalization reactions to make the drug more polar for easier elimination. Conjugation reactions, on the other hand, occur in Phase II metabolism and involve the addition of endogenous molecules to the drug to further enhance its solubility for elimination. Hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation are all Phase I processes that involve breaking down or modifying the drug molecule without conjugation. Therefore, Conjugation is NOT a phase I drug metabolizing process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: First pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This process greatly reduces the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation, as the drug may be metabolized or broken down before it can exert its effects. This leads to lower bioavailability of the drug. Choice A is incorrect because first pass metabolism does affect the fraction of unchanged drug reaching systemic circulation. Choice B is incorrect as first pass metabolism does not necessarily impact the half-life of the drug in plasma. Choice C is incorrect because first pass metabolism does not accelerate the absorption rate of the drug; instead, it may decrease it by metabolizing the drug before it can be absorbed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serotonin (5-HT) is NOT a monoamine neurotransmitter. Monoamine neurotransmitters have a single amino group and are derived from amino acids like tyrosine. Serotonin, however, is derived from tryptophan and belongs to the indoleamine class. Dopamine, Noradrenaline, and Adrenaline are all monoamine neurotransmitters derived from tyrosine and phenylalanine. Therefore, Serotonin does not fit the criteria for being a monoamine neurotransmitter, making choice A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cetirizine hydrochloride. Cetirizine is an antihistamine used to treat allergies and does not have any effect on reducing gastric acid production. Aluminium hydroxide (A) is an antacid that neutralizes stomach acid. Cimetidine (B) is an H2 blocker that reduces acid production. Omeprazole (C) is a proton pump inhibitor that also decreases stomach acid production. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not have any impact on gastric acid levels.