The nurse instructs a client who is diagnosed with hypertension about weight reduction and dietary guidelines. Which action by the nurse would most likely improve the client's willingness to lose weight and eat healthy foods?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give genuine praise to the client for trying to improve dietary habits. This action reinforces positive behavior and motivates the client to continue making healthy choices. It creates a supportive and encouraging environment, which can enhance the client's willingness to stick to the weight reduction and dietary guidelines. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Avoiding interaction during meals may lead to the client feeling isolated and unsupported, hindering their motivation. B: Ignoring the client's requests for unhealthy foods does not address the underlying reasons for those cravings and may create feelings of deprivation. D: Warning about potential negative consequences of being overweight can induce fear and anxiety, which are not effective motivators for sustainable behavior change.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Understand that equianalgesic doses are based on average conversion ratios. Step 2: Recognize that individual patient variations can affect opioid conversion accuracy. Step 3: Understand that cross-tolerance can impact the efficacy of equianalgesic conversions. Step 4: Acknowledge that upward titration may be necessary to ensure adequate pain control. Step 5: Realize that starting with a lower dose of hydromorphone may not provide adequate pain relief due to potential cross-tolerance. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it emphasizes the importance of considering individual patient factors and the potential need for upward titration to ensure safety and efficacy in pain management. Summary: - Option A is incorrect because it focuses on verifying the equianalgesic dose rather than considering individual patient factors. - Option C is irrelevant as it does not address the need for potential dose adjustment. - Option D is incomplete and does not provide any guidance on managing the opioid

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To assist the client in achieving and maintaining optimal health. The main purpose of the client-nurse relationship is to promote the client's health and well-being. The nurse's role is to support the client in achieving their health goals through education, guidance, and support. This relationship focuses on the client's overall health outcomes and involves collaboration between the nurse and client. Choices A, C, and D do not fully encompass the holistic nature of the client-nurse relationship, which goes beyond just satisfaction, service, or information provision.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess whether the client is comfortable with eye contact. In Native American culture, eye contact norms can vary, with some individuals finding direct eye contact disrespectful. By assessing the client's comfort with eye contact, the nurse can demonstrate cultural sensitivity and respect the client's preferences. This ensures effective communication and builds trust. Incorrect choices: A: Maintaining eye contact may be perceived as disrespectful by some Native American clients. C: Avoiding prolonged eye contact assumes all Native American clients prefer limited eye contact, which is a generalization. D: Sitting next to the patient to avoid eye contact may not address the client's preferences and could be seen as avoidance behavior.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Preschoolers have limited vocabulary and understanding, so using familiar words is essential. Step 2: Simple, short sentences are easier for preschoolers to comprehend. Step 3: Concrete explanations help preschoolers grasp concepts better. Step 4: Considering developmental level ensures effective communication. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect as they go against the principles of effective communication with preschoolers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it addresses the affective aspect of learning effective communication, which involves emotions, attitudes, and beliefs. Positive communication strategies can enhance confidence, leading to more effective interactions. Choice A focuses on technical aspects, choice B relates to nonverbal communication, and choice D emphasizes behavioral skills, but they do not directly address the emotional component of learning communication strategies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it promotes client autonomy and informed decision-making. By inviting the client to make a decision after reviewing options, the nurse respects the client's right to self-determination. This approach empowers the client to participate in their own care and make decisions aligned with their values and preferences. It also fosters a collaborative relationship between the nurse and client. Choice A is incorrect because appointing a durable power of attorney does not directly address the client's request for assistance in making a decision about dialysis. Choice C is incorrect as directing the client to have the physician make the decision undermines the client's autonomy. Choice D is incorrect as it does not actively involve the client in the decision-making process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because asking the patient about expectations for postoperative pain management is crucial for providing individualized care. This allows the nurse to understand the patient's preferences and tailor the pain management plan accordingly. Choice A is not the most appropriate as mandating a complementary therapy without patient input may not align with the patient's preferences. Choice B is not ideal as administering opioids based solely on pain rating may not consider individual variations in pain perception. Choice D is less appropriate as it may not account for the patient's specific needs and preferences. In summary, choice C prioritizes patient-centered care and individualized pain management, making it the most appropriate action in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it encourages the patient to share detailed information and express their feelings. By asking about the daughter's reaction to hospice, the nurse opens up an opportunity for the patient to discuss personal relationships and emotional aspects of their situation. This type of open-ended question fosters deeper communication and understanding between the nurse and patient. A, B, and C are closed-ended questions that only require a brief response, limiting the patient's opportunity to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings. They focus on specific facts or symptoms rather than exploring the patient's emotional well-being and personal experiences.