The nurse in a clinic is teaching a client of childbearing age about recommended folic acid supplements. Which of the following defects can occur in the fetus or neonate as a result folic acid deficiency?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Folic acid is essential for the development of the neural tube in the fetus. When a pregnant woman has a deficiency in folic acid, it can lead to neural tube defects in the fetus. Neural tube defects are serious birth defects that affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord of the baby. The most common types of neural tube defects include spina bifida and anencephaly. Therefore, it is crucial for women of childbearing age to ensure an adequate intake of folic acid to prevent such birth defects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A client with hyperemesis gravidarum and a sodium level of 110 mEq/L is at risk for severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, particularly hyponatremia (low sodium level). Hyponatremia can lead to serious complications such as seizures, coma, and even death if not promptly addressed. Therefore, this client should be assessed first to prevent any potential life-threatening conditions. The nurse should prioritize interventions to address the electrolyte imbalance and dehydration in this client to ensure their safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Headaches and nausea are common side effects of oral contraceptives. Choice A is incorrect because birth control pills typically decrease the menstrual flow. Choice C is not commonly reported with oral contraceptives, and many women report no change in libido. Choice D is incorrect because while oral contraceptives may slightly increase the risk of certain cancers, breast cancer risk is not significantly elevated compared to the general population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vaginal spotting or light bleeding is one of the early signs of an ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. The presence of vaginal spotting or light bleeding may indicate the implantation of the fertilized egg in a location other than the uterus, leading to the suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. It is essential for the nurse to recognize this early sign and promptly assess the client for further evaluation and intervention to prevent complications such as rupture and severe bleeding that can be life-threatening.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Contact sports pose a risk of trauma to the mother and fetus and should be avoided during pregnancy.