The nurse has received a report from the emergency department that a patient with tuberculosis will be coming to the unit. Which items will the nurse need to care for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Tuberculosis is an airborne disease, so negative-pressure airflow is needed to prevent the spread of infectious particles. 2. Negative-pressure rooms prevent contaminated air from escaping, reducing the risk of transmission. 3. Private room alone may not be sufficient to contain airborne pathogens. 4. Choice C includes standard precautions, not specific to tuberculosis. 5. N95 respirator is not necessary for routine care of tuberculosis patients. Summary: The correct answer is B because negative-pressure airflow in the room is essential to prevent the spread of tuberculosis. Other choices do not specifically address airborne precautions for this disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Practicing hand hygiene. Hand hygiene is the most effective nursing intervention to break the chain of infection because it helps prevent the transmission of pathogens from person to person. By washing hands regularly, nurses can reduce the risk of spreading infections to patients and themselves. Administering medications (A) is important for treatment but does not directly prevent the transmission of infections. Providing good skin care (B) is essential for overall health but may not specifically target infection prevention. Wearing gloves at all times (D) is crucial in certain situations but does not replace the importance of hand hygiene in breaking the chain of infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An older adult with several chronic illnesses. This client is most at risk for developing an infection due to a weakened immune system associated with aging and chronic illnesses, making them more vulnerable to infections. Older adults often have decreased immune function, making them more susceptible to infections. Additionally, chronic illnesses can further compromise the immune system. Summary of other choices: B: An infant who has just received first immunizations - While infants may experience mild side effects from immunizations, they are not at increased risk for developing infections. C: An adolescent who had a basketball physical - Adolescents are generally healthy and active, and having a physical exam does not increase their risk of developing an infection. D: A middle-aged adult with joint pain and stiffness - Joint pain and stiffness do not directly increase the risk of developing an infection unless there are underlying conditions compromising the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Having written infection-prevention practices for all employees. This measure is effective because it ensures all staff follow specific guidelines to prevent infections. Mandating antibiotics (choice A) can lead to resistance and unnecessary use. Monthly screenings for skin flora (choice C) may not effectively prevent infections. Restricting visitors and activities (choice D) may impact residents' well-being without directly addressing the root cause of infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct rationale for using body substance precautions is D: All body substances are considered potentially infectious. This is because various body substances, such as blood, saliva, urine, feces, and respiratory secretions, may contain pathogens that can transmit infections. This precaution is crucial to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, as pathogens can be present in any body substance, even if the person is not showing signs of active infection. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they underestimate the potential risk of transmission and do not provide comprehensive protection against infectious agents.