ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse has provided home care instructions to the parents of a child who is being discharged after cardiac surgery. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "I can apply lotion or powder to the incision if it is itchy," indicates a need for further instructions. This statement is incorrect because applying lotion or powder to a surgical incision can introduce foreign substances and increase the risk of infection, which is crucial to avoid in the post-operative period. Option A is correct because a balance of rest and exercise is essential for the child's recovery after cardiac surgery. It promotes healing while preventing complications like blood clots. Option C is correct as activities that could result in falls should be avoided to prevent injury to the surgical site and ensure the child's safety during the initial healing phase. Option D is correct as crowded places like malls or grocery stores pose a risk of exposure to infections, which the child's weakened immune system may not be able to handle immediately after surgery. It is crucial to educate parents on post-operative care to ensure the child's optimal recovery and reduce the risk of complications. Providing clear instructions and addressing misconceptions, like the one in option B, are vital components of pediatric nursing education in cardiovascular disorders.
Question 2 of 5
A child has been diagnosed with valvular disease following rheumatic fever (RF). During patient teaching, the nurse discusses the child’s long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics for dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. The parents Indicate they understand when they say:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) “She will need to take the antibiotics for the rest of her life.” This is because prophylactic antibiotic therapy for valvular disease following rheumatic fever is typically recommended indefinitely to prevent the recurrence of acute rheumatic fever and further damage to the heart valves. Rheumatic fever can lead to permanent heart damage, including valvular disease, which necessitates lifelong prophylactic antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Option A) “She will need to take the antibiotics until she turns 18 years old.” is incorrect because the duration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not limited to a specific age but rather to prevent complications associated with the underlying valvular disease. Option B) “She will need to take the antibiotics for 5 years after the last attack.” is incorrect as well because the duration of antibiotic therapy is not restricted to a fixed time period after the last attack but is recommended indefinitely due to the risk of recurrent rheumatic fever. Option C) “She will need to take the antibiotics for 10 years after the last attack.” is also incorrect as the duration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not limited to a specific number of years after the last attack but is a lifelong regimen. It is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to educate patients and their families about the importance of adherence to long-term prophylactic antibiotic therapy in valvular disease following rheumatic fever to prevent complications and promote optimal cardiovascular health.
Question 3 of 5
While preparing to discharge an 8-month-old infant who is recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, the nurse teaches the parents about their infant’s dietary and fluid requirements. The nurse should include which other topic in the teaching session?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Safety guidelines. When preparing to discharge an infant recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, it is crucial to educate parents about safety guidelines as part of their infant's care. Dehydration can make infants more vulnerable to accidents, so educating parents on safety measures is essential to prevent injuries and ensure the infant's well-being. Option A) Nursery schools is irrelevant in this context as the focus is on immediate post-discharge care at home, not on schooling options for the infant. Option B) Toilet training is developmentally inappropriate for an 8-month-old infant and is not a priority in this situation where the focus needs to be on immediate care needs post-recovery. Option D) Preparation for surgery is also not relevant in this case as the infant is recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, not undergoing surgery. In an educational context, teaching parents about safety guidelines is a fundamental aspect of pediatric nursing care. Providing parents with knowledge on how to create a safe environment for their infant helps prevent accidents and promotes optimal growth and development. It is essential for nurses to empower parents with the necessary information to keep their infants safe and healthy at home.
Question 4 of 5
Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Cerebral edema. The rationale behind this is that fluid overload can lead to increased intracranial pressure, causing cerebral edema in patients with meningitis. Monitoring fluid intake in this case is crucial to prevent this potentially serious complication. Option B) Dehydration is incorrect because the patient is not at risk of dehydration due to receiving both IV and oral fluids. Option C) Heart failure is not directly related to fluid overload in this specific case of a healthy adolescent with meningitis. Option D) Hypovolemic shock is also not applicable as the patient is not currently experiencing hypovolemia. In an educational context, understanding the impact of fluid management in pediatric patients with specific conditions like meningitis is essential for nurses caring for these patients. This knowledge helps nurses prevent complications and provide optimal care to pediatric patients with cardiovascular disorders.
Question 5 of 5
David, age 15 months, is recovering from surgery to remove Wilms’ tumor. Which findings best indicates that the child is free from pain?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and pharmacology, it is crucial to understand how pain manifests in children and how to assess pain in non-verbal patients. In the case of David, a 15-month-old recovering from surgery, the best indicator that he is free from pain is "D) Increased interest in play." Children, especially toddlers like David, often express their well-being and comfort through play. When a child is in pain, they are more likely to be irritable, withdrawn, or disinterested in activities like playing. An increased interest in play suggests that David is feeling comfortable, pain-free, and is engaging in typical developmental behaviors. Option A, decreased appetite, can be a sign of pain or distress but is not as specific as increased interest in play for a young child like David. Option B, increased heart rate, could be a physiological response to pain but may not always correlate directly with pain relief. Option C, decreased urine output, is not a reliable indicator of pain in this context and could be influenced by various factors post-surgery. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding pediatric pain assessment and the significance of behavioral cues in assessing pain in non-verbal patients. By recognizing how children like David communicate their comfort through play, nurses and healthcare providers can better evaluate and address their pain management needs to promote optimal recovery and well-being.