The nurse has just admitted Nancy to the psychiatric unit. The psychiatrist has diagnosed Nancy with major depressive disorder. The nurse says to Nancy, 'Some changes will have to be made in your behavior. I care about what happens to you.' Which nursing role described by Peplau is the nurse fulfilling in this instance?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Surrogate. In this scenario, the nurse is assuming the role of a surrogate, representing the client's best interests and advocating for their well-being. The nurse is showing empathy and support by acknowledging Nancy's need for behavioral changes and expressing care. This aligns with Peplau's concept of the surrogate role, where the nurse acts as a substitute and supports the client's emotional needs. Choice A (Counselor) is incorrect because the nurse is not providing counseling or therapeutic interventions in this situation. Choice C (Technical Expert) is incorrect as the nurse is not primarily focused on providing technical knowledge or expertise. Choice D (Resource Person) is incorrect because the nurse is not primarily acting as a source of information or support for Nancy in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a situational/external crisis refers to a crisis triggered by unanticipated loss or change, such as a sudden death or job loss. This type of crisis is external to the individual and typically beyond their control. Option A is incorrect as it describes a developmental crisis. Option B is incorrect as it refers to crises caused by external events like natural disasters. Option D is incorrect as it pertains to crises arising from internal struggles within an individual. Thus, C is the correct choice as it aligns with the definition of a situational/external crisis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of affect (A), identity, and relationships. Patients with BPD often exhibit fear of abandonment and engage in manipulative behaviors (B). Additionally, impulsivity and self-injurious behaviors are common features of BPD (C). These characteristics are core symptoms of BPD as outlined in the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, choosing all the options (D) is the correct answer because individuals with BPD typically display a combination of these features.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because altruism involves selflessly meeting the needs of others, not as a defense mechanism but as a genuine act of kindness. Choice B refers to sublimation, not altruism. Choice C relates to denial, and choice D describes displacement, which are different defense mechanisms. Altruism is about helping others without expecting anything in return, not as a way to cope with emotional conflicts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are transferred from a threatening object to a nonthreatening one. This allows individuals to redirect their feelings in a safer way. In contrast, choice A refers to altruism, B refers to sublimation, and C refers to denial, all different defense mechanisms not related to displacement.