The nurse has completed medication education with the patient who is receiving lithium (Eskalith). What is the priority patient outcome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lithium toxicity (e.g., tremors, confusion) at narrow therapeutic range (0.6-1.2) is life-threatening-knowing signs (e.g., nausea) and prevention (e.g., hydration) is priority, per safety. Work, ADLs, and mood stability follow but aren't immediate risks. Toxicity awareness saves lives, per education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Narrow-angle glaucoma. Epinephrine is a medication that can exacerbate narrow-angle glaucoma by causing pupil dilation which can lead to a sudden increase in eye pressure. This can be dangerous for individuals with this condition and can potentially lead to a glaucoma attack. Option A) Diabetes mellitus is not a contraindication for epinephrine administration. In fact, individuals with diabetes may still receive epinephrine as it is important in the management of severe allergic reactions. Option C) Pulmonary failure is not a direct contraindication to epinephrine use in the context of anaphylaxis. In fact, epinephrine is a critical medication in the treatment of anaphylaxis as it helps to reverse the symptoms of the allergic reaction. Option D) Thyroid disease is not a contraindication for using epinephrine subcutaneously. While individuals with hyperthyroidism should be cautious with epinephrine due to potential cardiovascular effects, it is not a direct contraindication in the context of anaphylaxis. Educationally, understanding contraindications to medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective patient care. It is important to know the specific conditions or situations in which certain medications should be avoided to prevent adverse reactions or complications. This case highlights the importance of considering a patient's medical history and existing conditions before administering medications like epinephrine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Ketorolac. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can disrupt the fetus' circulatory system by causing premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, a vital vessel in fetal circulation. This closure can lead to serious complications for the fetus. Acetaminophen (option A) is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and is commonly recommended for pain relief in pregnant individuals. Codeine (option B) and Hydrocodone (option C) are opioids that can also be prescribed during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. However, they are not known to specifically disrupt the fetus' circulatory system like Ketorolac. Educationally, understanding the effects of different drugs during pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed decisions that prioritize the health of both the pregnant individual and the fetus. By knowing the potential risks associated with certain medications, healthcare professionals can provide safe and effective care to pregnant patients. It is essential to be aware of the specific effects different drugs can have on fetal development to prevent any potential harm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 agonist used in Parkinson's, has ergot alkaloid properties, which can cause vasospasm by stimulating vascular smooth muscle receptors, occasionally leading to Raynaud's-like symptoms or digital ischemia. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, enhances dopamine release but lacks vasoconstrictive effects. Carbidopa inhibits dopa decarboxylase, aiding levodopa delivery without vascular impact. Entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, extends levodopa's duration but doesn't affect vessels. Ropinirole, a non-ergot agonist, avoids vasospasm. Bromocriptine's ergot-derived vasoconstriction, though rare, distinguishes it among antiparkinsonian drugs, requiring caution in patients with vascular risks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aspirin's use for pain involves anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, but it risks GI irritation. Enteric-coated capsules minimize this by dissolving in the intestine, not the stomach, reducing bleeding risk—an accurate statement. High doses are true for anticoagulation, not pain relief, where lower doses suffice. Herbs like garlic and ginger increase bleeding risk, not inflammation relief, making it dangerous advice. Low doses (choice D, 325 mg) primarily prevent clotting, not significantly reduce inflammation, which requires higher doses. Choice B correctly reflects a practical measure to enhance aspirin's safety profile for pain management.