The nurse has been reading extensively on a particular clinical problem, using both the closest medical library and the Internet. Which of the following would be the most helpful source?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, a systematic review related to the clinical problem. Systematic reviews provide a comprehensive and unbiased summary of all relevant studies on a particular topic. They critically appraise the quality of the studies and synthesize the results to provide the best evidence-based recommendations. This makes systematic reviews a valuable source of information as they offer a high level of evidence and help healthcare professionals make informed decisions. Choice A, a journal with a whole issue devoted to research on the clinical problem, may contain valuable information, but it may not provide a comprehensive and synthesized overview like a systematic review. Choice B, a randomized controlled clinical trial, is a strong study design, but it focuses on a single study rather than summarizing all existing evidence on the clinical problem. Choice C, a researcher who has built a career on studying the clinical problem, may offer insights and expertise, but their knowledge might not encompass all relevant studies and evidence in the field.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs. This primary prevention strategy focuses on promoting physical activity for all children, not just overweight ones. By implementing noncompetitive physical activity programs, the nurse can encourage all students to engage in regular exercise, which can help prevent obesity and other health issues. A: Developing individualized exercise programs for overweight children is a secondary prevention strategy, not primary prevention. C: Monitoring BMI in children is a screening tool, not a primary prevention strategy. D: Notifying parents of height-weight scale comparison is informative but does not directly address primary prevention through promoting physical activity for all children. In summary, the correct answer focuses on implementing a broad intervention that targets all school-aged children to prevent health issues, while the other choices are more specific and do not address primary prevention at a population level.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Colleagues lacking skills in literature search & research critique hinder evidence-based practice implementation. 2. Nurses rely on each other for support and guidance in improving practice. 3. Lack of research skills can lead to reliance on outdated practices. 4. Improving colleagues' research skills is crucial for enhancing the evidence base in the agency. Summary: - B: Dedication to history & tradition may hinder innovation but not directly related to evidence base enhancement. - C: Limited research in the area poses a challenge, but it's not a barrier that can't be overcome. - D: Inconsistencies in meta-analyses can be addressed through critical appraisal, not a direct barrier to enhancing evidence base.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. With aging, there is an increased prevalence of both non-communicable and communicable diseases. As individuals age, their immune system weakens, making them more susceptible to infections. Non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases and cancer also become more common with age. Therefore, the correct answer acknowledges the presence of both types of diseases in the elderly population. Choice B is incomplete and does not address the prevalence of diseases with aging. Choices C and D are blank and do not provide any relevant information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because upstream determinants of health focus on broader social and environmental factors that influence health outcomes, such as access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, education, and living conditions. This approach emphasizes prevention and addressing root causes of health disparities. Choice B is incorrect because genetic determinants focus on individual biological factors, not broader social determinants. Choice C is incorrect because behavioral determinants focus on individual lifestyle choices, not the broader social determinants addressed by upstream factors. Choice D is incorrect because downstream determinants typically refer to the consequences of health outcomes, rather than addressing the social and environmental factors at the root of health issues.