The nurse has assessed a patient's family history for three generations. The presence of which respiratory disease would justify this type of assessment?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Asthma is a hereditary respiratory disease, making it important to assess family history. 2. Genetic predisposition plays a role in the development of asthma. 3. Understanding family history helps in identifying potential risk factors. 4. Obstructive sleep apnea, community-acquired pneumonia, and pulmonary edema are not typically hereditary respiratory diseases. 5. Therefore, assessing family history for three generations is justified for asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: decreased pH. A decrease in pH (increased acidity) causes a rightward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, facilitating the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to peripheral tissues. This occurs due to the Bohr effect, where a decrease in pH weakens the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen, allowing for easier oxygen release. Incorrect answers: A: Decreased temperature would actually shift the dissociation curve to the left, making it more difficult for oxygen to be released from hemoglobin. C: Increased tissue PO2 would lead to less oxygen being released from hemoglobin as the gradient for oxygen release decreases. D: Decreased amounts of BPG would result in less oxygen being released as BPG helps facilitate oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: more intense inhalation. The apneustic center is responsible for prolonging inhalation by stimulating the inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata. When the apneustic center is stimulated, it disrupts the normal breathing pattern, causing a prolonged and more intense inhalation. This results in deeper and more forceful breaths. Incorrect choices: A: increased respiratory rate - Stimulation of the apneustic center would not lead to an increased respiratory rate, but rather to changes in the depth and intensity of inhalation. C: a shorter respiratory cycle - The apneustic center's stimulation does not lead to a shorter respiratory cycle, but rather to a prolonged inhalation phase. D: less activity in the DRG center - The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is responsible for initiating inspiration, and the apneustic center does not affect its activity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: fissure. A fissure is a deep groove or division that separates the lung into lobes. Each lung has fissures that divide it into lobes: the right lung has an oblique fissure and a horizontal fissure, while the left lung has an oblique fissure. The mediastinum (A) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. The root (C) is the area where structures such as blood vessels and bronchi enter or exit the lung. The pleura (D) is a membrane that covers the lungs but does not separate them into lobes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pulmonary lobule. A pulmonary lobule is the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. This is because each bronchiole branches into smaller airways ending in clusters of alveoli called pulmonary lobules. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways in the respiratory tract, not the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. B) Bronchiole tree is not a specific anatomical term. D) Primary bronchioles are the branches of the main bronchi and are not associated with the specific portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole.